This seminal text on revolutionary socialism and race is, as Christopher Phelps's excellent introduction shows, equally fascinating for its great strengths and its revealing rigidities. It shows, in history and theory, the devastating impact of white racism in weakening the whole working class. It is a must-read for anyone wishing to understand the context of the celebrated 1939 exchanges on race, class and revolution between Leon Trotsky and C.L.R. James, and anyone seeking to understand the evolution of race and class in the twentieth-century United States.