Quill and Cross in the Borderlands

Anna M. Nogar is professor of Hispanic Southwest studies in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and Associate Dean for Humanities & Interdisciplinary Units at the University of New Mexico.

• AcknowledgmentsList of IllustrationsIntroduction: A Literary Protomissionary in the Borderlands1. Seventeenth-Century Spiritual Travel to New Mexico: A Miracle Narrative in Text2. Sor María's Rise as Mystical Writer and Protomissionary in Early Modern Spain3. "Como si fuera natural de México": Publication, Reading, and Interpretation of Sor María's Writing in Colonial Mexico4. "Aquella voz de las conversiones": Writer and Missionary on the New Spanish Frontier5. Blue Lady of Lore: The Lady in Blue Narrative and Sor María in the Folklore of the American Southwest6. Sor María and the Lady in Blue in Contemporary Cultural ImaginationConclusion: Quill and Cross In New SpainNotesBibliographyIndex

"With Nogar's monograph, the reader will be able to recognize and appreciate the importance of Sor María de Jesús as a writer and mystical missionary for the history and the spiritual life of Mexican and US-Mexico borderlands politics and folklore." —Early Modern Women"Writing about someone whose life and writings involve claims considered outrageously impossible by most contemporary scholars is challenging—to say the least—and so is having to interweave historical, theological, and literary analysis of the significance of any such wonder-worker, but Nogar grapples with this challenge successfully." —Church History"Nogar's well-researched and beautifully written Quill and Cross in the Borderlands ties the early writings of Sor María de Jesús de Ágreda, the Lady in Blue, to the later folklore that arose from her miraculous visits to indigenous communities beginning in the 1630s." —Journal of the West"Quill and Cross in the Borderlands achieves the difficult balance between academic rigor and readability and is a valuable resource for Sor María specialists and students alike. It may also engage aficionados of early modern women's writing or southwestern history." —Colonial Latin American Review"Nogar excels in her fine-grain, textually grounded analysis. She draws on a broad and varied source base, ranging from seventeenth-century miracle narratives to architectural renderings, library index lists, and operas. Nogar also shines in her engagement with visual sources." —Hispanic American Historical Review"Nogar produced an excellent study that lays out the entrance of Christianity into the northern borderlands. Most important, as a text on Ágreda's life, writings, and apparitions, it clearly documents her significance to the history and colonization of New Spain's northern frontier." —The Americas"An exhaustive study of the 17th century Spanish nun who miraculously appeared to tribes in colonial-era New Mexico and taught them the Catholic faith—while never crossing the ocean. . . . While the Lady in Blue's apparition has been written off as fantastical, Nogar focuses on the nun's spiritual writings, which have been overshadowed by her folklore narrative." —Mirage Magazine"Quill and Cross in the Borderlands will be an invaluable source for scholars of the American Southwest and Mexico alike. Nogar's remarkable archival research coupled with copious transcriptions and translations of historical documents reveals how Sor María De Ágreda permeated New Spanish society." —Aztlan"Nogar weaves Sor María de Jesús de Ágreda's roles as woman religious, author, mystic, and protomissionary into a vibrant historical trajectory that moves beyond fragmentary treatment of the nun as a predominantly folk figure." —Journal of Folklore Research "Anna M. Nogar's contribution is necessary and just, in great part because nuns from both sides of the Atlantic are frequently decontextualized for the sake of exclusively theological, gender, or ideological interests." —Latin American Literature Today"At every level, this story offers linguistic accessibility, an introduction to complex historical processes of colonization and transculturization, and a clear respect for the cultures and peoples in the Lady in Blue narrative." —Chiricú Journal"Dr. Nogar covers a lot of ground and has painstakingly reconstructed the evolution of this important historical figure. Her reexamining of the colonial context should entice scholars to reflect on the possible reasons that Sor María's identity as an important female writer quickly waned in Southwestern folklore and popular culture." —Renaissance Quarterly"This book is highly recommended for students of Spanish mysticism and the church of colonial Mexico." —Journal of Hispanic/Latino Theology"Anna Nogar's work is a meticulous and mesmerizing archival and literary study of the seventeenth-century Spanish nun, mystic, and phantasm, Sor María de Ágreda." —Southwestern Historical Quarterly"Nogar's work will generate interest among students of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands and colonial Latin America, although the topics and the approach apply to any region, landscape, and time because of their association to current and relevant themes such as those of identity negotiation, gender, and coloniality, among others. It is the study of the material and spiritual legacy of narratives originating centuries ago (such as the Lady in Blue) and their reinvention and reinterpretation through the light of new perspectives and paradigms that makes scholarship relevant. In this framework, Anna Nogar's book is an invaluable contribution." —New Mexico Historical Review"Nogar's work permits a greater understanding of how building bridges invigorates the world's—and our own—social geographies. It is a thorough and thought-provoking study that will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, disciplinary and interdisciplinary scholars, and general readers who are interested in historical, religious, gender, and literary texts, specifically those treating early modern Spanish and Spanish-speaking American topics." —Early American Literature"Overall, though, this hefty volume is well-written and clearly organized: the author establishes claims at the beginning of each chapter and then supports them with concrete evidence. Chapters build chronologically and logically on the materials presented in each previous section, beginning with a comprehensive overview of Sor María's life and textual production for readers unfamiliar with the nun. Moreover, individual chapters and even sections would make for good readings in undergraduate or graduate courses on early modern, independence-era, or contemporary history, literature, culture, and gender studies. The volume is sure to become required reading in the field of Ágredan studies." —Latin American Colonial Literature