Del i serien Fundamental Theories of Physics

Quantum Optics and Fundamentals of Physics

Inbunden, Engelska, 1994

AvJan Perina,Z. Hradil,B. Jurco

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This work deals with the contemporary development of quantum theory from the point of view of quantum optics. The fundamentals of quantum theory are presented, with particular attention being given to the quantum theory of measurement. General coherent states are adopted as the most important theoretical tool for the description of the interaction of optical fields with matter. Quantum theory predicts various nonclassical phenomena, such as squeezing of vacuum fluctuations, photon antibunching, sub-Poisson photon statistics, and collapses and revivals of atomic motion. These quantum effects can be observed, together with violation of various classical and Bell's inequalities, using photon interference and correlation techniques. This is demonstrated by experiments involving single-photon and two-photon interferences, squeezed and sub-Poisson light and twin photons produced by frequency down conversion. All these results are in agreement with quantum theory and they confirm the wave-particle duality of a photon and the `nonlocal' features of quantum theory.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum1994-07-31
Mått155 x 235 x 21 mm
Vikt680 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
SerieFundamental Theories of Physics
Antal sidor343
Upplaga1994
FörlagKluwer Academic Publishers
ISBN9780792330004

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1 Introduction.- 2 Fundamentals of quantum theroy.- 2.1 Axioms of quantum mechanics.- 2.2 More on quantum mechanics: states, observables and yes-no experiments.- 2.3 Time evolution.- 2.4 Uncertainty relations.- 2.5 Symmetries.- 2.6 Canonical quantization.- 2.7 Identical particles and the second quantization.- 2.8 Quantization of the free electromagnetic field.- 2.9 Quantum correlation functions and their properties.- 2.10 Appendix: mathematical tools.- 3 Quantum theory of measurement.- 3.1 Foundation of quantum measurement.- 3.2 Formalism of quantum measurement.- 3.3 Quantum optical measurements.- 3.4 Quantum phase.- 3.5 Linear amplifiers.- 3.6 Quantum nondemolition measurement.- 3.7 High-precision measurement and detection of gravitational waves.- 4 Coherent states.- 4.1 The general notion of the coherent state.- 4.2 Coherent states associated with Lie groups.- 4.3 Coherent states of the harmonic oscillator.- 4.4 Squeezed states.- 4.5 Spin coherent states.- 4.6 Heisenberg-Langevin approach to quantum statistics.- 4.7 Schrödinger approach to quantum statistics — master equation and generalized Fokker-Planck equation.- 4.8 Generalized superposition of coherent fields and quantum noise.- 5 Nonclassical optical phenomena and their relations.- 5.1 Quadrature squeezing — squeezing of vacuum fluctuations.- 5.2 Antibunching of photons.- 5.3 Photon-number squeezing — sub-Poissonian photon statistics.- 5.4 Oscillations in photon distributions.- 5.5 Quantum phase.- 5.6 Indirect measurements of quasidistributions.- 5.7 Relations of quantum features of light.- 5.8 Interaction of a single atom with light — cavity quantum electrodynamics and cavity quantum optics.- 6 Photon interferences and correlations.- 6.1 Second-order interferences.- 6.2 Fourth-order interferences —Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations.- 6.3 Higher-order phenomena.- 6.4 Single photon interferences.- 6.5 Wave-particle duality.- 6.6 Methods involving frequency down conversion and feedbacks.- 7 Quantum optical and Bell’s.- 7.1 Inequalities of quantum optics and their interpretation.- 7.2 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen “paradox” and Bell’s inequalities.- 8 Quantum optical experiments supporting quantum theory.- 8.1 Single-photon interference experiments.- 8.2 Polarization correlation experiments.- 8.3 Experiments with feedbacks.- 8.4 Experiments with squeezed light.- 8.5 Experiments with sub-Poisson light.- 8.6 Experiments with frequency down conversion.- 9 Conclusions.- References.