Heith Copes is Distinguished Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. His research focuses on narrative sense making among those who engage in crime and deviance.Andy Hochstetler is Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice at Iowa State University. Much of his work examines offender decision-making and outcomes by incorporating offenders’ self-appraisals, estimated prospects for conventional success, and environmental contexts into understanding and predicting recidivism and crime continuation He also has written on aspects of drug use and misuse and on re-entry from correctional sentence.