Dilnoza Duturaeva, Ph.D. (2011), Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, is Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Fellow at École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.

• ForewordAcknowledgmentsList of Maps, Tables and FiguresAbbreviations Used in the TablesNote on Transliterations and MeasuresIntroduction1 The Qarakhanid WorldIntroduction1 Notes on the Qarakhanid Image and Origin2 The Qarakhanid Trade Partners in the West3 The Qarakhanids and the EastConclusion2 Between the Islamic World and Liao ChinaIntroduction1 Gifting between the Qarakhanid and the Islamic World: The Ghaznavid Case2 Gifting between the Qarakhanids and the Sinitic World: The Liao CaseConclusion3 Envoys and Traders to Northern Song ChinaIntroduction1 Names for the Qarakhanids2 The Image of the West in China3 Envoys and Traders to Kaifeng4 Women Envoys and Travelers5 Official Communication6 Diplomatic Gifts and Trade Commodities7 Roads, Itineraries and Maps8 Missions to Hangzhou?Conclusion4 Before China: Dunhuang, Turfan and TibetIntroduction1 Dunhuang2 Turfan3 TibetConclusion5 Qarakhanid Allies and ChinaIntroduction1 The Liao Envoy in Ghazna and the “Persians” from Northern India in Kaifeng2 Sultans and Rum: Saljuq Missions to Northern Song China3 The “Uyghurs” of Khwarzm: Records on the KhwarazmshahsConclusion6 The Qarakhanid Silk Roads and BeyondIntroduction1 Silk Road Symbols and Images2 The Amber Road and Migration of Culture3 The Frankincense Road4 The Qinghai Road: Tea and Horse TradeConclusionConclusionAppendix 1: Records on the Qarakhanids in Song shiAppendix 2: Documents on the Qarakhanid Diplomacy and TradeAppendix 3: List of the Qarakhanid Missions to Song ChinaAppendix 4: Glossary of Chinese CharactersBibliographyIndex

"Her encyclopedic knowledge and patient teasing out of her conclusions from philological sources in Chinese, Turkish, Arabic and Persian, are admirable. [...] Qarakhanid Roads to China offers a comprehensive portrait of the peoples and the activities of this little-known era of the Silk Road, and will be a valuable reference for students and scholars alike."– David Chaffetz, in Asian Review of Books (2022). "Overall, this book is an excellent example of the importance of integrating data from Chinese sources as well as archaeological, art-historical and numismatic studies to shed light into this little-studied historical period of Central Asian history, and, by extension, the aspects of global medieval trade that the Qarakhanids were part of. The revised political history of the Qarakhanids can be written only thanks to such works that bridge sources from multiple languages and disciplines. There is certainly much additional work to do in Qarakhanid studies." – Dilrabo Tosheva, in Central Asian Survey (2022), DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2110354.

Dilnoza Duturaeva, Ph.D. (2011), Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, is Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Fellow at École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.

• ForewordAcknowledgmentsList of Maps, Tables and FiguresAbbreviations Used in the TablesNote on Transliterations and MeasuresIntroduction1 The Qarakhanid WorldIntroduction1 Notes on the Qarakhanid Image and Origin2 The Qarakhanid Trade Partners in the West3 The Qarakhanids and the EastConclusion2 Between the Islamic World and Liao ChinaIntroduction1 Gifting between the Qarakhanid and the Islamic World: The Ghaznavid Case2 Gifting between the Qarakhanids and the Sinitic World: The Liao CaseConclusion3 Envoys and Traders to Northern Song ChinaIntroduction1 Names for the Qarakhanids2 The Image of the West in China3 Envoys and Traders to Kaifeng4 Women Envoys and Travelers5 Official Communication6 Diplomatic Gifts and Trade Commodities7 Roads, Itineraries and Maps8 Missions to Hangzhou?Conclusion4 Before China: Dunhuang, Turfan and TibetIntroduction1 Dunhuang2 Turfan3 TibetConclusion5 Qarakhanid Allies and ChinaIntroduction1 The Liao Envoy in Ghazna and the “Persians” from Northern India in Kaifeng2 Sultans and Rum: Saljuq Missions to Northern Song China3 The “Uyghurs” of Khwarzm: Records on the KhwarazmshahsConclusion6 The Qarakhanid Silk Roads and BeyondIntroduction1 Silk Road Symbols and Images2 The Amber Road and Migration of Culture3 The Frankincense Road4 The Qinghai Road: Tea and Horse TradeConclusionConclusionAppendix 1: Records on the Qarakhanids in Song shiAppendix 2: Documents on the Qarakhanid Diplomacy and TradeAppendix 3: List of the Qarakhanid Missions to Song ChinaAppendix 4: Glossary of Chinese CharactersBibliographyIndex

"Her encyclopedic knowledge and patient teasing out of her conclusions from philological sources in Chinese, Turkish, Arabic and Persian, are admirable. [...] Qarakhanid Roads to China offers a comprehensive portrait of the peoples and the activities of this little-known era of the Silk Road, and will be a valuable reference for students and scholars alike."– David Chaffetz, in Asian Review of Books (2022). "Overall, this book is an excellent example of the importance of integrating data from Chinese sources as well as archaeological, art-historical and numismatic studies to shed light into this little-studied historical period of Central Asian history, and, by extension, the aspects of global medieval trade that the Qarakhanids were part of. The revised political history of the Qarakhanids can be written only thanks to such works that bridge sources from multiple languages and disciplines. There is certainly much additional work to do in Qarakhanid studies." – Dilrabo Tosheva, in Central Asian Survey (2022), DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2110354.

Dilnoza Duturaeva, Ph.D. (2011), Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, is Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Fellow at École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.

• ForewordAcknowledgmentsList of Maps, Tables and FiguresAbbreviations Used in the TablesNote on Transliterations and MeasuresIntroduction1 The Qarakhanid WorldIntroduction1 Notes on the Qarakhanid Image and Origin2 The Qarakhanid Trade Partners in the West3 The Qarakhanids and the EastConclusion2 Between the Islamic World and Liao ChinaIntroduction1 Gifting between the Qarakhanid and the Islamic World: The Ghaznavid Case2 Gifting between the Qarakhanids and the Sinitic World: The Liao CaseConclusion3 Envoys and Traders to Northern Song ChinaIntroduction1 Names for the Qarakhanids2 The Image of the West in China3 Envoys and Traders to Kaifeng4 Women Envoys and Travelers5 Official Communication6 Diplomatic Gifts and Trade Commodities7 Roads, Itineraries and Maps8 Missions to Hangzhou?Conclusion4 Before China: Dunhuang, Turfan and TibetIntroduction1 Dunhuang2 Turfan3 TibetConclusion5 Qarakhanid Allies and ChinaIntroduction1 The Liao Envoy in Ghazna and the “Persians” from Northern India in Kaifeng2 Sultans and Rum: Saljuq Missions to Northern Song China3 The “Uyghurs” of Khwarzm: Records on the KhwarazmshahsConclusion6 The Qarakhanid Silk Roads and BeyondIntroduction1 Silk Road Symbols and Images2 The Amber Road and Migration of Culture3 The Frankincense Road4 The Qinghai Road: Tea and Horse TradeConclusionConclusionAppendix 1: Records on the Qarakhanids in Song shiAppendix 2: Documents on the Qarakhanid Diplomacy and TradeAppendix 3: List of the Qarakhanid Missions to Song ChinaAppendix 4: Glossary of Chinese CharactersBibliographyIndex

"Her encyclopedic knowledge and patient teasing out of her conclusions from philological sources in Chinese, Turkish, Arabic and Persian, are admirable. [...] Qarakhanid Roads to China offers a comprehensive portrait of the peoples and the activities of this little-known era of the Silk Road, and will be a valuable reference for students and scholars alike."– David Chaffetz, in Asian Review of Books (2022). "Overall, this book is an excellent example of the importance of integrating data from Chinese sources as well as archaeological, art-historical and numismatic studies to shed light into this little-studied historical period of Central Asian history, and, by extension, the aspects of global medieval trade that the Qarakhanids were part of. The revised political history of the Qarakhanids can be written only thanks to such works that bridge sources from multiple languages and disciplines. There is certainly much additional work to do in Qarakhanid studies." – Dilrabo Tosheva, in Central Asian Survey (2022), DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2110354.