Public procurement systems around the world are mostly based on the same basic principles of economy, efficiency, transparency, and fairness, says Khan, to which many entities add value for money, fit for purpose, and integrity. It is these commonalities that he considers as he discusses what public procurement is, who does it and for whom: organization and capacity, how it is done: procurement cycles and procedures, contract management, how it is controlled: risks to procurement and their mitigation, and new tools of public procurement.