'In this groundbreaking work, Orna Afek offers a fresh and insightful perspective on psychoanalysis, examining its development through the lens of narcissism. With remarkable clarity and depth, Afek exposes a critical gap in mainstream psychoanalytic theory: the undervaluation of interpersonal relationships as a fundamental human need. By exploring the narcissistic traits of influential theorists and their impact on psychoanalytic thought, Afek presents a compelling case for a more balanced approach. This book is an essential read for clinicians, researchers, and anyone interested in the evolution of psychoanalysis. Afek's work not only challenges established paradigms but also paves the way for a more holistic understanding of the human psyche.'Prof. Aner Govrin, Editor of Routledge Introductions to Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Director of the doctoral program "Psychoanalysis and Hermeneutics," Bar Ilan University, Israel