Protective Gloves for Occupational Use

Robert N. Phalen, Ph.D., CIH, FAIHA, is a professor and program chair of Occupational Safety and Health at the University of Houston Clear Lake, Texas, USA. Dr. Phalen is an industrial hygienist with expertise in protective clothing and dermal exposure assessment. He earned his doctoral degree from the University of California Los Angeles in Environmental Health Science with a specialization in industrial hygiene. He is a Certified Industrial Hygienist and a Fellow of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. His primary publications are on chemical permeation and the durability of protective clothing.Howard I. Maibach, M.D., is a professor of Dermatology at the University of California San Francisco, USA, with expertise in treating contact dermatitis and occupational dermatitis. His specialties include allergic skin disorders and skin conditions caused by exposure to toxic substances. Dr. Maibach earned his medical degree from Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. He has over 2500 publications and has served on the editorial boards of more than 30 scientific journals. He is a member of 19 professional societies, including the American Academy of Dermatology, the San Francisco Dermatological Society, and the International Commission on Occupational Health. Dr. Maibach has been a longterm contributor to experimental research on contact dermatitis, contact urticaria, and other skin conditions.

• ContentsPreface.......................................................................................................................ixEditors........................................................................................................................xiContributors............................................................................................................ xiiiTerminology and Abbreviations.............................................................................xviiSECTION I Introduction to Preventionand Protective GlovesChapter 1 Prevention of Contact Dermatitis..........................................................3S. H. Dou and H. I. MaibachChapter 2 Occupational Hygiene Assessments for the Use ofProtective Gloves...................................................................................7W. XuChapter 3 Gloves: Types, Materials, and Manufacturing.................................... 17Marie-Noëlle Crépy and Pierre HoernerChapter 4 Extraction and Chemistry of Rubber Allergens.................................. 45Paul D. SiegelSECTION II Regulations and StandardsChapter 5 European Standards on Protective Gloves..........................................63K.F. Mose, R. Bach, and M-N. CrepyChapter 6 US Rules, Regulations, and Standards for Protective Glovesfor Occupational Use........................................................................... 71N.W. Henry and R.N. PhalenChapter 7 Japanese Regulations and Standards for Medical andDental Grade Gloves........................................................................... 79K. Matsunaga T. Ohhara, A. Takeuchi, R. Nakaoka,and Y. HaishimaChapter 8 Australian Standards for Protective Gloves...................................... 107D.L. McGeachie and R.L. NixonChapter 9 Regulations and Standards for Protective Gloves forOccupational Use in Croatia............................................................. 113M. Bubaš and S. Ljubojevic HadzavdicChapter 10 Testing of Protective Effect against Liquid Chemicals..................... 121R.N. PhalenChapter 11 Standard Quality Control Testing, Virus Penetration,and Glove Durability......................................................................... 141R.N. Phalen and Y.K. HamidiChapter 12 In Vivo Testing of the Protective Effect of Gloves............................ 171N. Hamnerius, C. Svedman, M. Bruze, and O. BergendorffSECTION III Glove Sensitivity and Effects on SkinChapter 13 Irritation and Contact Dermatitis from Protective Gloves:An Overview..................................................................................... 185S. Levitt and H.I. MaibachChapter 14 Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Rubber and Plastic Gloves.......... 193S. Levitt and H.I. MaibachChapter 15 Clinical Testing of Occupational Glove Sensitivity.......................... 215K.F. Mose and R. BachChapter 16 Management of Natural Rubber Glove Sensitivity...........................227A.M. Giménez-Arnau and A. SalmanChapter 17 Allergic Responses to Powdered Natural Rubber LatexGloves in Healthcare Workers........................................................... 247A.M. Giménez-Arnau and A. SalmanChapter 18 Other Reactions from Gloves............................................................ 261T. Bullock, A. Sood, and J.S. TaylorChapter 19 Occlusion vs. Contact Dermatitis......................................................285T. Tran and H. I. MaibachSECTION IV Protection against Chemicaland Microbial AgentsChapter 20 Gloves and Dermal Exposure to Chemicals.....................................303K.S. Galea and J.W. CherrieChapter 21 Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals from Fabric (Textile).......... 339J. L. Bormann, A. S. F. Acipayam, and H. I. MaibachChapter 22 Practical Considerations When Selecting and Using Glovesfor Chemical Protection.................................................................... 355C.L. Packham and H.E. TaylorChapter 23 Glove Selection for Work with Acrylates IncludingThose Cured by Ultraviolet, Visible Light, or Electron Beam.......... 377R.N. Phalen and D.M. CeballosChapter 24 Chemical Permeation through Disposable Gloves............................397D.M. Ceballos and R.N. PhalenChapter 25 The Selection and Use of Gloves against Pesticides......................... 421J.B. Nielsen and R.N. PhalenChapter 26 Gloves as Protection against Microbial Contamination.................... 439R.N. PhalenSECTION V Special TopicsChapter 27 Hydro-Alcoholic Gels and Glove Use............................................... 451J.-M. LachapelleChapter 28 Clinical Relevance of Masks in the Operating Room....................... 459H.N. Mechels and H.I. MaibachChapter 29 Are Masks Effective as Source Control in Index InfluenzaPatients? A Review............................................................................463H.N. Mechels and H.I. MaibachChapter 30 Extended Use and Disinfection of N95 Respirators andExam Gloves During a Pandemic.....................................................469R.N. Phalen, J-M. Lachapelle, and Y.K. HamidiIndex....................................................................................................................... 479