Processes and Production Methods (PPMs) in WTO Law

Christiane R. Conrad is an attorney at law and inhouse lawyer with a telecommunications company in Germany. She was a member of the Collaborative Research Center 'Transformations of State' at the University of Bremen and she has also been a Visiting Fellow at Georgetown University Law Center.

• Part I. Foundations. The Relevance of NPA Measures at the Interface of Domestic Regulation, Economic Globalization, and World Trade Law: 1. Setting the stage for the legal analysis; 2. Putting the debate into perspective: analysis of the socio-economic context; Part II. Legal Analysis. Reviewing the Status of NPA Measures De Le Ge Lata: 3. Preliminary considerations. Applicability of WTO law and other international law to NPA measures; 4. Consistency with GATT obligations; 5. Limits to the justification of NPA measures under the general exceptions; 6. The status of PPM measures under the TBT agreement and the SPS agreement; Part III. Outlook. New Perspectives on the Legal Status of NPA Measures: 7. The interface of international trade and public policies: an overview of existing proposals for reform; 8. A regulation-based perspective on NPA trade measures.