Christina Morina is DAAD Visiting Assistant Professor at the German Studies Institute Amsterdam. Her research focuses on major themes in nineteenth and twentieth century German and European history, such as war, memory, political ideologies, and the history of historiography. She received a doctorate from the University of Maryland in 2007.Krijn Thijs is senior researcher at the German Studies Institute Amsterdam and lecturer at Amsterdam University. He has published on political history, memory cultures and historiography in Germany and the Netherlands. In 2006, he received his doctorate from Amsterdam Free University.

• List of IllustrationsIntroduction: Probing the Limits of CategorizationChristina Morina and Krijn ThijsPART I: APPROACHESChapter 1. Bystanders: Catchall Concept, Alluring Alibi or Crucial Clue?Mary FulbrookChapter 2. Raul Hilberg and His "Discovery" of the BystanderRene SchlottChapter 3. Bystanders as Visual Subjects: Onlookers, Spectators, Observers, and Gawkers in Occupied PolandRoma SendykaChapter 4. "I Am Not, What I Am.": A Typological Approach to Individual (In)Action in the HolocaustTimothy WilliamsChapter 5. The Many Shades of Bystanding: On Social Dilemmas and Passive ParticipationFroukje DemantChapter 6. The Dutch Bystander as Non-Jew and Implicated SubjectRemco Ensel and Evelien GansSECTION II: HISTORYChapter 7. Photographing BystandersChristoph KreutzmullerChapter 8. The Imperative to Act: Jews, Neighbors, and the Dynamics of Persecution in Nazi Germany, 1933-1945Christina MorinaChapter 9. Martin Heidegger's Nazi ConscienceAdam KnowlesChapter 10. Natura Abhorret Vacuum: Polish "Bystanders" and the Implementation of the "Final Solution"Jan GrabowskiChapter 11. Defiant Danes and Indifferent Dutch?: Popular Convictions and Deportation Rates in the Netherlands and Denmark, 1940-1945Bart van der BoomChapter 12. The Notion of Social Reactivity: The French Case, 1942-1944Jacques SemelinSECTION III: MEMORYChapter 13. Ordinary, Ignorant and Noninvolved?: The Figure of the Bystander in Dutch Research and ControversyKrijn ThijsChapter 14. Hidden in Plain View: Remembering and Forgetting the Bystanders of the Holocaust on (West) German TelevisionWulf KansteinerChapter 15. Stand by Your Man: (Self-)Representations of SS Wives after 1945Susanne C. KnittelChapter 16. "Bystanders" in Exhibitions at the United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumSusan BachrachEpilogue I: A Brief Plea for the Historicization of the BystanderNorbert FreiEpilogue II: Saving the BystanderIdo de HaanIndex

"This collection stands as an extraordinary and incisive contribution to understanding the processes of extreme violence. Probing the Limits of Categorization is an important book that promises to provoke fruitful discussion." - Peter Fritzsche, University of Illinois and author of An Iron Wind: Europe under Hitler"With its disciplinarily diverse contributions, this book offers a captivating and discerning overview of the 'bystander' in recent Holocaust studies, rethinking questions that have intrigued historians of the Holocaust for decades. This volume is a thought-provoking and important contribution to the field." - Caroline Mezger, Center for Holocaust Studies, Institute for Contemporary History