Since the late 1980s privatization has been a feature in the field of culture in Europe. However, the cultural political debate on this issue has been hampered by speculations and prejudices. Many connect the term only with selling public institutions to private firms, and with governments passing on their responsibilities for the arts and culture to the market. This text focuses on European experiences in the performing arts (theatre and opera), heritage (museums and built heritage) and cultural industries (film and television broadcasting and the book industry). The result is an up-to-date insight into privatization in the cultural sector and its consequences for cultural policy and development in Europe. The contributors are academics, practitioners and policy makers, working in different cultural fields and in different countries. They offer a rich spectrum of concepts, experiences and perspectives.
Focusing the Cultural Political Debate in Europe.- 1 Foreword.- 1.1 Cultural Information and Research Centres Liaison in Europe (CIRCLE).- 1.2 Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Netherlands.- 1.3 Cultural Policy and Action Division of the Council of Europe.- 2 An Analytical Introduction.- 2.1 Privatizing the Muse ‘and all that Jazz’.- 3 Approaches to Privatization and Culture.- 3.1 Rethinking the State’s Role: Privatization, Economics and Cultural Policy.- 3.2 Beyond Privatization: The Hybridization of Museums and the Built Heritage.- 3.3 De-monopolizing Culture: Privatization and Culture in 23 European Countries.- 4 Case Studies.- 4.1 The Contradictions of Désétatisation: Museums in France.- 4.2 Traditional Policy Tools and New Incentives: Built Heritage in Greece.- 4.3 The Shotgun Wedding of Opera and Industry: Opera Houses in Italy.- 44 Who Laughs Last…: Film and Broadcasting in Hungary.- 4.5 Unbinding Books: Publishing in the Czech Republic.- 4.6 The Conflicts between Profits and Politics: Cultural Industries in Europe.- 4.7 Unlike Airlines and Phone Companies: Performing Arts in Europe.- 4.8 Mixed Economy and Culture: Britain’s Experience.- 5 Conclusions.- Appendix A.- About the Authors.- Appendix B.- CIRCLE’S Recommendations to the Council of Europe.- Board of CIRCLE.- Appendix C.- C.1 Introduction to the Work of CIRCLE.- C.2 Introduction to the Work of the Boekman Foundation.- C.3 Introduction to the Department of Public Administration and Public Policy of Twente University.- Appendix D.