Principles of Wireless Access and Localization

Kaveh Pahlavan, Professor of ECE, a Professor of CS, and Director of the Center for Wireless Information Network Studies at Worcester Polytechnic Institute.  He is also a visiting Professor of Telecommunication Laboratory and Center for Wireless Communications at the University of Oulu, Finland.  His area of research is location aware broadband sensor and ad hoc networks and he is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal on Wireless Information Networks, the first journal in modern wireless networks established in 1994.Prashant Krishnamurthy, Associate Professor for the graduate program in Telecommunications & Networking at the University of Pittsburgh, USA. His research interests include Wireless network security, wireless data networks, position location for wireless networks on which he has written numerous journal papers.

• Preface xv 1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Elements of Information Networks 31.3 Evolution of Wireless Access to the PSTN 171.4 Evolution of Wireless Access to the Internet 211.5 Evolution of Wireless Localization Technologies 271.6 Structure of this Book 29Part I PRINCIPLES OF AIR–INTERFERENCE DESIGN2 Characteristics of the Wireless Medium 392.1 Introduction 392.2 Modeling of Large-scale RSS, Path Loss, and Shadow Fading 452.3 Modeling of RSS Fluctuations and Doppler Spectrum 602.4 Wideband Modeling of Multipath Characteristics 722.5 Emerging Channel Models 79Appendix A2: What Is the Decibel? 843 Physical Layer Alternatives forWireless Networks 993.1 Introduction 993.2 Physical Layer Basics: Data rate, Bandwidth, and Power 1003.3 Performance in Multipath Wireless Channels 1073.4 Wireless Transmission Techniques 1123.5 Multipath Resistant Techniques 1203.6 Coding Techniques for Wireless Communications 1363.7 Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Access 145Appendix A3 1454 Medium Access Methods 1534.1 Introduction 1534.2 Centralized Assigned-Access Schemes 1554.3 Distributed Random Access for Data Oriented Networks 1734.4 Integration of Voice and Data Traffic 195Part II PRINCIPLES OF NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN5 Deployment ofWireless Networks 2175.1 Introduction 2175.2 Wireless Network Architectures 2185.3 Interference in Wireless Networks 2245.4 Deployment of Wireless LANs 2335.5 Cellular Topology, Cell Fundamentals, and Frequency Reuse 2385.6 Capacity Expansion Techniques 2485.7 Network Planning for CDMA Systems 2685.8 Femtocells 2706 Wireless Network Operations 2756.1 Introduction 2756.2 Cell Search and Registration 2816.3 Mobility Management 2836.4 Radio Resources and Power Management 3017 Wireless Network Security 3217.1 Introduction 3217.2 Security in Wireless Local Networks 3247.3 Security in Wireless Personal Networks 3307.4 Security in Wide Area Wireless Networks 3347.5 Miscellaneous Issues 340Appendix A7: An Overview of Cryptography and Cryptographic Protocols 341Part III WIRELESS LOCAL ACCESS8 Wireless LANs 3578.1 Introduction 3578.2 Wireless Local Area Networks and Standards 3638.3 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Operations 3699 Low Power Sensor Networks 4059.1 Introduction 4059.2 Bluetooth 4069.3 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee 4249.4 IEEE 802.15.6 Body Area Networks 43410 GigabitWireless 44710.1 Introduction 44710.2 UWB Communications at 3.1–10.6 GHz 45110.3 Gigabit Wireless at 60 GHz 467Part IV WIDE AREA WIRELESS ACCESS11 TDMA Cellular Systems 47911.1 Introduction 47911.2 What is TDMA Cellular? 48011.3 Mechanisms to Support a Mobile Environment 48611.4 Communication Protocols 49111.5 Channel Models for Cellular Networks 50111.6 Transmission Techniques in TDMA Cellular 50811.7 Evolution of TDMA for Internet Access 51212 CDMA Cellular Systems 51912.1 Introduction 51912.2 Why CDMA? 52012.3 CDMA Based Cellular Systems 52112.4 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 52212.5 Communication Channels and Protocols in Example CDMA Systems 53412.6 Cell Search, Mobility, and Radio Resource Management in CDMA 54612.7 High Speed Packet Access 55413 OFDM and MIMO Cellular Systems 56113.1 Introduction 56113.2 Why OFDM? 56213.3 Multiple Input Multiple Output 57213.4 WiMax 57613.5 Long Term Evolution 58213.6 LTE Advanced 591Part V WIRELESS LOCALIZATION14 Geolocation Systems 59714.1 Introduction 59714.2 What is Wireless Geolocation? 59814.3 RF Location Sensing and Positioning Methodologies 60214.4 Location Services Architecture for Cellular Systems 61314.5 Positioning in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 62015 Fundamentals of RF Localization 62515.1 Introduction 62515.2 Modeling of the Behavior of RF Sensors 62615.3 Performance Bounds for Ranging 63115.4 Wireless Positioning Algorithms 63916 Wireless Localization in Practice 65316.1 Introduction 65316.2 Emergence of Wi-Fi Localization 65316.3 Comparison of Wi-Fi Localization Systems 65716.4 Practical TOA Measurement 66516.5 Localization in the Absence of DP 66916.6 Challenges in Localization inside the Human Body 675References 687Index 701