Jan Abel Olsen is an Emeritus Professor with a distinguished career in health economics and health services research. For 25 years, he served as a professor at the University of Tromsø, Norway, and for 12 years as an Adjunct Professor at Monash University, Australia. He also contributed as a researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. His international affiliations include roles at universities in Aberdeen, London, Melbourne, Milano, Oslo, and York. Renowned for his work on health valuation, equity, and healthcare financing, he has authored influential monographs, including Principles in Health Economics and Policy (OUP).Søren Rud Kristensen is Professor of Health Economics at the University of Southern Denmark, where he is Head of Studies for the MSc in Health Economics. He previously held academic appointments at the University of Manchester and Imperial College London and was a Visiting Scientist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. His research on provider payment, pay-for-performance, and integrated care has been published in leading health economics journals. He works at the interface of health economics and policy, holding advisory and committee roles with national and international bodies including the European Health Policy Group, WHO and OECD.

• 1: Health and healthcare 2: Economics and efficiency 3: What makes the market for healthcare different? 4: Equality and fairness 5: The demand for health 6: Determinants of (inequalities in) health 7: Health behaviours 8: Contagious diseases; contentious policies 9: Funding sources: an overview 10: Uncertainty and health insurance 11: Prepayment schemes 12: Patient payments 13: The healthcare delivery system: an overview 14: Primary care: paying general practitioners 15: Secondary care: hospital financing 16: Pharmaceuticals, long-term care, and dental care 17: Unwarranted variations in healthcare utilization 18: Measuring outcomes: health, wellbeing and productivity 19: Costs and cost-effectiveness 20: Priority setting: Beyond cost-effectiveness

Jan Abel Olsen is an Emeritus Professor with a distinguished career in health economics and health services research. For 25 years, he served as a professor at the University of Tromsø, Norway, and for 12 years as an Adjunct Professor at Monash University, Australia. He also contributed as a researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. His international affiliations include roles at universities in Aberdeen, London, Melbourne, Milano, Oslo, and York. Renowned for his work on health valuation, equity, and healthcare financing, he has authored influential monographs, including Principles in Health Economics and Policy (OUP).Søren Rud Kristensen is Professor of Health Economics at the University of Southern Denmark, where he is Head of Studies for the MSc in Health Economics. He previously held academic appointments at the University of Manchester and Imperial College London and was a Visiting Scientist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. His research on provider payment, pay-for-performance, and integrated care has been published in leading health economics journals. He works at the interface of health economics and policy, holding advisory and committee roles with national and international bodies including the European Health Policy Group, WHO and OECD.

• 1: Health and healthcare 2: Economics and efficiency 3: What makes the market for healthcare different? 4: Equality and fairness 5: The demand for health 6: Determinants of (inequalities in) health 7: Health behaviours 8: Contagious diseases; contentious policies 9: Funding sources: an overview 10: Uncertainty and health insurance 11: Prepayment schemes 12: Patient payments 13: The healthcare delivery system: an overview 14: Primary care: paying general practitioners 15: Secondary care: hospital financing 16: Pharmaceuticals, long-term care, and dental care 17: Unwarranted variations in healthcare utilization 18: Measuring outcomes: health, wellbeing and productivity 19: Costs and cost-effectiveness 20: Priority setting: Beyond cost-effectiveness

Jan Abel Olsen is an Emeritus Professor with a distinguished career in health economics and health services research. For 25 years, he served as a professor at the University of Tromsø, Norway, and for 12 years as an Adjunct Professor at Monash University, Australia. He also contributed as a researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. His international affiliations include roles at universities in Aberdeen, London, Melbourne, Milano, Oslo, and York. Renowned for his work on health valuation, equity, and healthcare financing, he has authored influential monographs, including Principles in Health Economics and Policy (OUP).Søren Rud Kristensen is Professor of Health Economics at the University of Southern Denmark, where he is Head of Studies for the MSc in Health Economics. He previously held academic appointments at the University of Manchester and Imperial College London and was a Visiting Scientist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. His research on provider payment, pay-for-performance, and integrated care has been published in leading health economics journals. He works at the interface of health economics and policy, holding advisory and committee roles with national and international bodies including the European Health Policy Group, WHO and OECD.

• 1: Health and healthcare 2: Economics and efficiency 3: What makes the market for healthcare different? 4: Equality and fairness 5: The demand for health 6: Determinants of (inequalities in) health 7: Health behaviours 8: Contagious diseases; contentious policies 9: Funding sources: an overview 10: Uncertainty and health insurance 11: Prepayment schemes 12: Patient payments 13: The healthcare delivery system: an overview 14: Primary care: paying general practitioners 15: Secondary care: hospital financing 16: Pharmaceuticals, long-term care, and dental care 17: Unwarranted variations in healthcare utilization 18: Measuring outcomes: health, wellbeing and productivity 19: Costs and cost-effectiveness 20: Priority setting: Beyond cost-effectiveness