Hui Li, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China. Li received the World Leading Internet Scientific and Technological Achievements award at the 6th World Internet Conference in 2019. His research interests include network architecture, cyberspace security, distributed storage, and blockchain. Han Wang, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.

• Foreword by Peter Major xvForeword by Zhang Jing-an xviiForeword by Yale li xixForeword by Feng Han xxiForeword by Ramesh Ramadoss xxvAbout the Author xxviiPreface xxixAcknowledgments xxxiiiIntroduction xxxv1 Fundamentals of Blockchain 11.1 Introduction to Blockchain 11.2 Evolution of Blockchain 41.3 Blockchain-Layered Architecture 131.4 Theoretical Constraints of Blockchain Trilemma 161.5 Chapter Summary 26Discussion Questions 27References 282 Physical Topology in Blockchain 312.1 Basic Physical Topology of Computer Network 312.2 N-Dimensional Hypercube-Based Topology – Making it Possible to Reach CAP Guarantee Bound in Consortium Blockchain 402.3 Hierarchical Recursive Physical Topology of N-Dimensional Hypercube 432.4 Theoretical Analysis 452.5 Chapter Summary 54Discussion Questions 54References 563 P2P Network in Blockchain 593.1 P2P Network Structure 593.2 Node Discovery Method 643.3 Broadcast Protocol 693.4 Chapter Summary 83Discussion Questions 83References 844 Blockchain Consensus 874.1 Basic Concepts of Distributed Consistency 874.2 Byzantine Generals Problem 954.3 Voting-Based Consensus 1004.4 Proof-Based Consensus 1154.5 Consensus Integrating Proof and Voting 1304.6 Evaluation and Analysis of Blockchain Consensus 1554.7 Chapter Summary 160Discussion Questions 163References 1645 Smart Contract and Its Security in Blockchain 1695.1 Concept of Smart Contracts 1695.2 Vulnerability in Smart Contracts 1715.3 Taxonomy of Approaches to Detecting Vulnerabilities 1755.4 Detection Tools for Smart Contract Vulnerability 1865.5 Chapter Summary 195Discussion Questions 196References 1976 Multi-Identifier System Based on Large-Scale Consortium Blockchain 2036.1 Background Introduction and Requirement Analysis 2036.2 System Architecture 2046.3 Core Functions 2156.4 Building a Community of Shared Future in Cyberspace with Sovereign Blockchain 2226.5 Chapter Summary 236Discussion Questions 237References 2387 Integrating Consortium Blockchain and Mimic Security in Distributed Storage System 2417.1 Background Introduction and Requirement Analysis 2417.2 Mimic Distributed Secure Storage System 2497.3 Logging System in Mimic Storage Based on Consortium Blockchain 2567.4 Chapter Summary 267Discussion Questions 267References 2688 Quantum Blockchain and Its Potential Applications 2718.1 Quantum Computing and Communication Theory 2718.2 Quantum Blockchain – Solving Trilemma of Distributed Systems 3088.3 Scalable Quantum Computer Network 3228.4 Chapter Summary 342Discussion Questions 343References 3449 Practical Application of Large-Scale Blockchain 3479.1 Construction of Network Topology 3479.2 P2P Broadcast Protocol 3539.3 Solidity Language 3579.4 Establishment of Blockchain Infrastructure 3699.5 Smart Contract Security Detection 3739.6 Chapter Summary 374Discussion Questions 375References 375Index 377

Hui Li, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China. Li received the World Leading Internet Scientific and Technological Achievements award at the 6th World Internet Conference in 2019. His research interests include network architecture, cyberspace security, distributed storage, and blockchain. Han Wang, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.

• Foreword by Peter Major xvForeword by Zhang Jing-an xviiForeword by Yale li xixForeword by Feng Han xxiForeword by Ramesh Ramadoss xxvAbout the Author xxviiPreface xxixAcknowledgments xxxiiiIntroduction xxxv1 Fundamentals of Blockchain 11.1 Introduction to Blockchain 11.2 Evolution of Blockchain 41.3 Blockchain-Layered Architecture 131.4 Theoretical Constraints of Blockchain Trilemma 161.5 Chapter Summary 26Discussion Questions 27References 282 Physical Topology in Blockchain 312.1 Basic Physical Topology of Computer Network 312.2 N-Dimensional Hypercube-Based Topology – Making it Possible to Reach CAP Guarantee Bound in Consortium Blockchain 402.3 Hierarchical Recursive Physical Topology of N-Dimensional Hypercube 432.4 Theoretical Analysis 452.5 Chapter Summary 54Discussion Questions 54References 563 P2P Network in Blockchain 593.1 P2P Network Structure 593.2 Node Discovery Method 643.3 Broadcast Protocol 693.4 Chapter Summary 83Discussion Questions 83References 844 Blockchain Consensus 874.1 Basic Concepts of Distributed Consistency 874.2 Byzantine Generals Problem 954.3 Voting-Based Consensus 1004.4 Proof-Based Consensus 1154.5 Consensus Integrating Proof and Voting 1304.6 Evaluation and Analysis of Blockchain Consensus 1554.7 Chapter Summary 160Discussion Questions 163References 1645 Smart Contract and Its Security in Blockchain 1695.1 Concept of Smart Contracts 1695.2 Vulnerability in Smart Contracts 1715.3 Taxonomy of Approaches to Detecting Vulnerabilities 1755.4 Detection Tools for Smart Contract Vulnerability 1865.5 Chapter Summary 195Discussion Questions 196References 1976 Multi-Identifier System Based on Large-Scale Consortium Blockchain 2036.1 Background Introduction and Requirement Analysis 2036.2 System Architecture 2046.3 Core Functions 2156.4 Building a Community of Shared Future in Cyberspace with Sovereign Blockchain 2226.5 Chapter Summary 236Discussion Questions 237References 2387 Integrating Consortium Blockchain and Mimic Security in Distributed Storage System 2417.1 Background Introduction and Requirement Analysis 2417.2 Mimic Distributed Secure Storage System 2497.3 Logging System in Mimic Storage Based on Consortium Blockchain 2567.4 Chapter Summary 267Discussion Questions 267References 2688 Quantum Blockchain and Its Potential Applications 2718.1 Quantum Computing and Communication Theory 2718.2 Quantum Blockchain – Solving Trilemma of Distributed Systems 3088.3 Scalable Quantum Computer Network 3228.4 Chapter Summary 342Discussion Questions 343References 3449 Practical Application of Large-Scale Blockchain 3479.1 Construction of Network Topology 3479.2 P2P Broadcast Protocol 3539.3 Solidity Language 3579.4 Establishment of Blockchain Infrastructure 3699.5 Smart Contract Security Detection 3739.6 Chapter Summary 374Discussion Questions 375References 375Index 377

Hui Li, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China. Li received the World Leading Internet Scientific and Technological Achievements award at the 6th World Internet Conference in 2019. His research interests include network architecture, cyberspace security, distributed storage, and blockchain. Han Wang, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.

• Foreword by Peter Major xvForeword by Zhang Jing-an xviiForeword by Yale li xixForeword by Feng Han xxiForeword by Ramesh Ramadoss xxvAbout the Author xxviiPreface xxixAcknowledgments xxxiiiIntroduction xxxv1 Fundamentals of Blockchain 11.1 Introduction to Blockchain 11.2 Evolution of Blockchain 41.3 Blockchain-Layered Architecture 131.4 Theoretical Constraints of Blockchain Trilemma 161.5 Chapter Summary 26Discussion Questions 27References 282 Physical Topology in Blockchain 312.1 Basic Physical Topology of Computer Network 312.2 N-Dimensional Hypercube-Based Topology – Making it Possible to Reach CAP Guarantee Bound in Consortium Blockchain 402.3 Hierarchical Recursive Physical Topology of N-Dimensional Hypercube 432.4 Theoretical Analysis 452.5 Chapter Summary 54Discussion Questions 54References 563 P2P Network in Blockchain 593.1 P2P Network Structure 593.2 Node Discovery Method 643.3 Broadcast Protocol 693.4 Chapter Summary 83Discussion Questions 83References 844 Blockchain Consensus 874.1 Basic Concepts of Distributed Consistency 874.2 Byzantine Generals Problem 954.3 Voting-Based Consensus 1004.4 Proof-Based Consensus 1154.5 Consensus Integrating Proof and Voting 1304.6 Evaluation and Analysis of Blockchain Consensus 1554.7 Chapter Summary 160Discussion Questions 163References 1645 Smart Contract and Its Security in Blockchain 1695.1 Concept of Smart Contracts 1695.2 Vulnerability in Smart Contracts 1715.3 Taxonomy of Approaches to Detecting Vulnerabilities 1755.4 Detection Tools for Smart Contract Vulnerability 1865.5 Chapter Summary 195Discussion Questions 196References 1976 Multi-Identifier System Based on Large-Scale Consortium Blockchain 2036.1 Background Introduction and Requirement Analysis 2036.2 System Architecture 2046.3 Core Functions 2156.4 Building a Community of Shared Future in Cyberspace with Sovereign Blockchain 2226.5 Chapter Summary 236Discussion Questions 237References 2387 Integrating Consortium Blockchain and Mimic Security in Distributed Storage System 2417.1 Background Introduction and Requirement Analysis 2417.2 Mimic Distributed Secure Storage System 2497.3 Logging System in Mimic Storage Based on Consortium Blockchain 2567.4 Chapter Summary 267Discussion Questions 267References 2688 Quantum Blockchain and Its Potential Applications 2718.1 Quantum Computing and Communication Theory 2718.2 Quantum Blockchain – Solving Trilemma of Distributed Systems 3088.3 Scalable Quantum Computer Network 3228.4 Chapter Summary 342Discussion Questions 343References 3449 Practical Application of Large-Scale Blockchain 3479.1 Construction of Network Topology 3479.2 P2P Broadcast Protocol 3539.3 Solidity Language 3579.4 Establishment of Blockchain Infrastructure 3699.5 Smart Contract Security Detection 3739.6 Chapter Summary 374Discussion Questions 375References 375Index 377