Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era

Joseph S. Nye, Jr., is University Distinguished Service Professor and former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. His books include Soft Power, The Powers to Lead, and The Future of Power. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Academy of Diplomacy.

• Preface xi Chapter 1 The Role of Leadership 1 Chapter 2 The Creation of the American Era from Theodore Roosevelt to George H. W. Bush 21 Chapter 3 Ethics and Good Foreign Policy Leadership 75 Chapter 4 Twenty-First-Century Leadership 136 Notes 161 Index 175

"In this concise and readable study of American presidential foreign policy decisions, Kennedy School of Government professor Nye (The Future of Power) asks, 'To what extent were the men who presided over the creation of the American era simply responding, or were they shaping events?' Nye examines eight administrations, defined as 'transformational' or 'transactional,' and the diverse ways presidents communicate with and inspire the public. He also entices the historically minded with a 'What if?' section that speculates on historical alternatives and provides worthwhile reflections on the uneasy relationship between ethical leadership and effective leadership. Besides risking controversy, his ethical scorecards of presidents--including Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson--illustrate the complexity of such judgments. Nye's overall assessment that the most dramatic and inspiring presidents are not always the most effective or ethical may, as he notes, overturn conventional wisdom, but the judgment bolsters his admonition to President Obama. His concluding reflections on the changing nature of exercising power in the 21st century effectively contextualize the continuing tensions inherent in managing domestic and international authority."--Publishers Weekly "Sometimes the best presidential decisions are decisions not to act. This point is made in an excellent new book by Joseph Nye of Harvard University entitled Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era."--Gideon Rachman, Financial Times "[A] timely book."--The Economist "A thoughtful analysis of different styles of presidential leadership in foreign affairs. Nye, a Harvard professor, is an enemy of the 'vision thing', concluding that 'there is little evidence ... that transformational foreign policy leaders are better in either ethics or effectiveness'. His heroes are experienced pragmatists such as Eisenhower and the first Bush."--Financial Times, "Books of the Year So Far" Summer Reading Guide "The US presidency sounds far more powerful than it usually is. Scholars, journalists and presidents routinely exaggerate its potency. Joseph Nye's slim volume on presidential leadership offers an elegant antidote to many of the myths."--Edward Luce, Financial Times "[Nye writes] clearly and succinctly, rendering difficult propositions accessible."--Raymond Seitz, Literary Review "Nye's book is a whisper in the ear of the American president in the twenty-first century to rethink how to be a more effective leader."--Inderjeet Parmar, International Affairs "Short, tightly focused, and useful."--Walter Russell Mead, Foreign Affairs "Nye's book originated in a course he has taught, and it bears the thought provoking marks of a stimulating advanced class."--H. W. Brands, Political Science Quarterly "[T]he book's central message and concluding advice should be chiseled in stone above the entrance to the Oval Office."--John L. Harper, Survival