Mahmoud Pargoo is a Research Fellow at Alfred Deakin Institute at Deakin University in Melbourne-Australia and a former visiting lecturer at the University of Sydney. He received his Ph.D. in Social and Political Thought from Institute for Social Justice at Australian Catholic University in 2019. Shahram Akbarzadeh is Convenor of Middle East Studies Forum at Alfred Deakin Institute, Deakin University where he researches Middle East politics with special focus on Iran. He recently completed a project on the role of Islam in Iranian foreign policy making as a Future Fellow with the Australian Research Council. His publications include the Routledge Handbook on Political Islam (2021).

• Introduction; 1. Theoretical Framework; 2. The Age of the 'Imam'; 3. The Era of Reconstruction and Reform; 4. Ahmadinejad and Secularization: Rupture or Continuity?; 5. Consolidation of Secularity; Conclusion; Appendix: Presidential Elections in a Nutshell.

'Using national elections as a framework to explore the discourses around political trends in Iran from 1979 to the present, Mahmoud Pargoo and Shahram Akbarzadeh explore core questions about how different versions of secularism have evolved and competed in Iran over the last forty years. Offering nuanced understanding of Iranian politics, rather than simplistic notions of the religious hardliners vs. the reformists opposition, this is an important text for students of Middle Eastern, Iranian and comparative electoral politics.' Kamran Scot Aghaie, University of Texas at Austin