Xiaofan Li is a physical scientist at the Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA. He has a doctorate in meteorology from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA and a master’s degree in meteorology from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.Shouting Gao is a professor at the Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storm, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. He has a doctorate and a master’s degree in meteorology from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing, China.

• -Precipitation Modeling with Cloud-Resolving Model.- -Precipitation Equations and Process Analysis.- -Tropical Precipitation Processes.- -Effects of Sea Surface Temperature.- -Effects of vertical wind shear.- -Microphysical and Radiative Effects of Ice clouds.- -Cloud Radiative Effects.- -Precipitation Efficiency.- -Sensitivity of Precipitation Modeling to Uncertainty of Initial Conditions.