Practical 3D Echocardiography

Joseph F. Maalouf, M.D.,  is  Professor of Medicine at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Consultant, and Director of Interventional Echocardiography Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.  Dr. Maalouf graduated in 1975 from the American University of Beirut-Lebanon where he also did two years of Internal Medicine Residency training. He completed three years of Fellowship training in Cardiovascular Medicine including one year of Fellowship training in echocardiography at Columbia University/St-Luke’s hospital and Mount Sinai hospital in New York City. Francesco F. Faletra, M.D., is Head of Cardiac Imaging Department at Cardiocentro Ticino in Lugano, Switzerland since 2005.  His focus is on 3D TEE and he regularly takes classes on this topic at cardiologists coming from all Europe.  During his career, he has been the author of several books, chapters and peer reviewspapers.Samuel J. Asirvatham, M.D., is an electrophysiologist at Mayo Clinic's campus in Rochester, Minnesota. After completing medical school at the Christian Medical College in Vellore, India, his internship was at the Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. Dr. Asirvatham is currently a professor of medicine in the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases within the Department of Internal Medicine and a professor of pediatrics in the Division of Pediatric Cardiology within the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. He is a consultant in cardiac electrophysiology, program director for the Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology Fellowship and director of strategic collaboration for the Center for Innovation at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran, Dr. K. Chandrasekaran, commonly known as Dr.Chandra, is a Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Emeritus Consultant, Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.  Dr.Chandra graduated from Madras Medical College, Madras University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 1974. His further training in internal medicine and cardiology was from New York Medical College and the University of Oklahoma.  He was instrumental in creating Interventional echocardiography at Mayo Clinic. He spends part of his time teaching and training echocardiography in India.

• Part I. Basic, practical principles of 3D Echocardiography.- Imaging principles and acquisition modes.- Image optimization tools and image display.- 3DE Color Doppler acquisition and optimization and 3DE artifacts, caveats, and pitfalls.- 3DE Knobology: A practical guide to use of the available vendor platforms.- Part II. Native and Prosthetic Heart Valves.- 3DE of Normal mitral valve: Image display and anatomic correlations.- 3DE Spectrum of mitral valve prolapse.- Rheumatic mitral valve diseases and mitral annular calcification: Role of 3DE.- Role of 3DE in assessment of functional mitral regurgitation.- Incremental value of 3DE over 2DE in assessment of mitral clefts and other congenital mitral valve diseases.- 3D color flow Doppler assessment of mitral regurgitation: Advantages over 2D color Doppler.- 3DE anatomy of normal aortic valve and root. Image display and anatomic correlations.- 3DE of the spectrum of native aortic valve and subvalvular diseases and pathological correlations.- Correlation of 3DE with CT and MRI in the diagnosis and assessment of valvular heart disease and new trends.- 3DE appearance of the different types of normal mechanical and biological valves.- 3DE assessment of the pathological spectrum of mitral prosthesis and sewing ring dysfunction: Incremental value over 2DE.- 3DE assessment of pathological spectrum of aortic prosthesis dysfunction: Incremental value over 2DE.- Native and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Incremental value of 3DE over 2DE.- CT and MRI correlations with 3DE in assessment of prosthetic valves including new trends.- Part III.  Atria and Atrial Septum.- Normal 3DE anatomy of atrial septum: Image display and anatomical specimen correlations.- Atrial septal defects: 2DE vs 3DE and anatomic specimen.- CT and MRI correlations of atria and atrial septum.- Part IV. Ventricles and Ventricular Septum.- How to acquire and calculate 3D LV and RV volumes and   ejection fraction (three vendors).- Is 3D better than 2D during stress echo?.- Congenital and acquired ventricular septal defects.- CT and MRI of ventricles and ventricular septum.- Part V.  Cardiac Masses.- Role of 3DE in assessment of cardiac masses: incremental value over 2DE.- Part VI. Role of 3DE in catheter-based structural heart disease interventions.- Atrial Interventions.- Ventricular interventions.- Edge-to-Edge mitral valve repair.- Periprosthetic leak repair.- Valve-in-valve/ring implantation.- Part VII. Role of 3DE in catheter –based electrophysiologic procedures.- The role of imaging techniques in electrophysiologic procedures.- The Role of CT and MRI in electrophysiologic procedures.- Part VIII. New Trends for 3DE in catheter-based Interventions.- Novel percutaneous techniques for mitral and tricuspid valve repair.- Echo-navigation.- Evolving role of 3D printing in guiding interventional procedures.