Poverty As Subsistence

Mihai Varga is a Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow in Sociology at the Eastern Europe Institute, Freie Universität Berlin. He was a Max Weber Fellow in 2011-2012 and his research focuses on economic crises and their political and socioeconomic consequences.

• Introduction: Poverty Reduction through Land Transfers1. Pro-poor Reforms: The Propertizing Paradigm2. Pro-poor Land Reform In Eurasia3. The Reform Continuum: From China to Russia4. Smallholders: A Fieldwork Study of Resilience and Resistance5. Resilience: Survival and Growth of Smallholder Agriculture6. Resistance: Smallholders against CommercializationConclusions: The Limits of Pro-poor Land Reform

"The creation of private property in land on the farms of post-communist Europe and Central Asia failed to produce a class of commercially-minded entrepreneurial farmers. Mihai Varga shows us why. This is a major book on post-communist agrarian change, with important insights of much wider contemporary relevance."—Haroon Akram-Lodhi, Trent University "Poverty as Subsistence is a must read for scholars, policy makers, and development practitioners considering land transfers and market-based solutions to rural poverty. Mihai Varga's timely analysis provides powerful insights on why and how agricultural reforms advocated by the World Bank and other agencies often undermine livelihoods of tightly knit rural economies."—Diana Mincyte, The City University of New York "This book demonstrates that the World Bank failed in post-communist transition by adopting a too narrow and ideological perspective on institutional reforms. It focused too much on creating individual property rights and not enough on the institutional environment of purchasing and distribution. Varga's insightful work reveals the result: that the World Bank reduced post-communist countries to a pre-war model of subsistence agriculture."—Mitchell A. Orenstein, University of Pennsylvania "As a work of sociology and political economy, Poverty as Subsistence adds to the critical studies of agrarian development in the contemporary era and raises new questions for scholars of environment and agrarian change.... Most crucially, the book demonstrates the continual relevance of land reform in agrarian economies and the versatile adaptation and resistance of rural people, showing that land is not simply an interchangeable property in the market but deeply rooted in interpersonal relationships and memory."—Leo Chu, H-Environment