Larry Johnston is the author of Ideologies: An Analytic and Conceptual Approach (1996) and Between Transcendence and Nihilism (1995). A legislative researcher in Toronto since 1998, he was an academic consultant to the Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform in 2006. He has taught a variety of politics courses at the University of Toronto, McMaster University, and Ryerson University.

• List of Figures Introduction: The Dimensions of Politics and an Approach to its Study What Politics Is...A Comparative Approach Chapter 1: Co-operation, Coercion, and Consent-Opening Ideas Our Social NatureAuthority and LeadershipCivil SocietyBeyond the StateConclusion ReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 2: The Many Ways of Studying Politics Politics as PhilosophyPolitics as Social ScienceUnits of Analysis: Individual, Group, or Class?Politics as AnthropologyBack to Bismarck: Politics and the Study of PoliticsReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 3: From The Republic to the Liberal Republic: History and Ideas Classical AntiquityFeudal Society (the Medieval Era)The ReformationThe EnlightenmentThe Market EconomySynergyPolitical RevolutionLiberal GovernmentPhilosophical WorksReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 4: The Fall and Reluctant Rise of Democracy Democracy DefinedDistrust of DemocracyFrom Liberal Government to Liberal DemocracyAssessing Representative DemocracyDemocracy's ProspectsConsolidating DemocracyReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 5: Roadmap to the Rest (A Comparative Framework) Who's In and Who's OutFunctions, Institutions, SystemsFunctions, Institutions, SystemsFunctions, Institutions, SystemsThe Judiciary as a Branch of GovernmentBicameralism-Do Two Houses Make a Home?Degrees of FederalismElectoral and Party SystemsType of GovernmentRecappingAppendix: Comparative Data SetFurther Reading Chapter 6: Systems of Government: Parliamentary Options Components of Parliamentary GovernmentMajority, Minority, or CoalitionThe Government-Formation ProcessThe Conclusion of a Government and Its ImplicationsA Closer Look at Coalition GovernmentCabinets: Size and StructureExecutive DominanceReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 7: Systems of Government (2): Degrees of Presidentialism Madisonian PresidentialismCoalitional Presidentialism in Latin AmericaSemi-PresidentialismAn Exceptional Case: SwitzerlandConclusionReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 8: Dividing the State: Federalism and Other Options Unitary, Federal, ConfederalComponents of FederalismAsymmetrical FederalismBicameralismAmending FormulaNon-federal OptionsReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 9: Who Wants What? The Political Process Social CleavagesIdeology: The Role of IdeasReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 10: Who Gets In? The Machinery of Democratic Elections What Is an Electoral System?Criteria for Evaluating Electoral SystemsElectoral Systems ConsideredElectoral AdministrationReferencesFurther ReadingsAppendix: Electoral System Data Chapter 11: Who is Heard? Varieties of Representation Political PartiesParty SystemsElection CampaignsOrganized InterestsCorporatismSocial MovementsConclusionReferencesFurther Readings Chapter 12: The Official Response: Public Policy and Administration Two Theories about Public PolicyWho Does What: Examining the Policy CycleTypes of PolicyThe BureaucracyReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 13: The Rule of Law in Practice: The Justice System The Nature of LawThe Legislative ProcessDirect DemocracyPrivate LawAdministrative LawCourt SystemsRightsJudicial ReviewAutomatic Justice?ReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 14: Governing in an Age of Decline? Social and Economic Policy The Nature of Capitalist Market SocietyClassic Liberalism and Laissez-faireModels versus RealityThe Reform of Market CapitalismThe Welfare StateThe Age of Deficit and DebtGoing ForwardReferencesFurther ReadingAppendix: Economic Statistics GlossaryIndex

Larry Johnston is the author of Ideologies: An Analytic and Conceptual Approach (1996) and Between Transcendence and Nihilism (1995). A legislative researcher in Toronto since 1998, he was an academic consultant to the Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform in 2006. He has taught a variety of politics courses at the University of Toronto, McMaster University, and Ryerson University.

• List of Figures Introduction: The Dimensions of Politics and an Approach to its Study What Politics Is...A Comparative Approach Chapter 1: Co-operation, Coercion, and Consent-Opening Ideas Our Social NatureAuthority and LeadershipCivil SocietyBeyond the StateConclusion ReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 2: The Many Ways of Studying Politics Politics as PhilosophyPolitics as Social ScienceUnits of Analysis: Individual, Group, or Class?Politics as AnthropologyBack to Bismarck: Politics and the Study of PoliticsReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 3: From The Republic to the Liberal Republic: History and Ideas Classical AntiquityFeudal Society (the Medieval Era)The ReformationThe EnlightenmentThe Market EconomySynergyPolitical RevolutionLiberal GovernmentPhilosophical WorksReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 4: The Fall and Reluctant Rise of Democracy Democracy DefinedDistrust of DemocracyFrom Liberal Government to Liberal DemocracyAssessing Representative DemocracyDemocracy's ProspectsConsolidating DemocracyReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 5: Roadmap to the Rest (A Comparative Framework) Who's In and Who's OutFunctions, Institutions, SystemsFunctions, Institutions, SystemsFunctions, Institutions, SystemsThe Judiciary as a Branch of GovernmentBicameralism-Do Two Houses Make a Home?Degrees of FederalismElectoral and Party SystemsType of GovernmentRecappingAppendix: Comparative Data SetFurther Reading Chapter 6: Systems of Government: Parliamentary Options Components of Parliamentary GovernmentMajority, Minority, or CoalitionThe Government-Formation ProcessThe Conclusion of a Government and Its ImplicationsA Closer Look at Coalition GovernmentCabinets: Size and StructureExecutive DominanceReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 7: Systems of Government (2): Degrees of Presidentialism Madisonian PresidentialismCoalitional Presidentialism in Latin AmericaSemi-PresidentialismAn Exceptional Case: SwitzerlandConclusionReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 8: Dividing the State: Federalism and Other Options Unitary, Federal, ConfederalComponents of FederalismAsymmetrical FederalismBicameralismAmending FormulaNon-federal OptionsReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 9: Who Wants What? The Political Process Social CleavagesIdeology: The Role of IdeasReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 10: Who Gets In? The Machinery of Democratic Elections What Is an Electoral System?Criteria for Evaluating Electoral SystemsElectoral Systems ConsideredElectoral AdministrationReferencesFurther ReadingsAppendix: Electoral System Data Chapter 11: Who is Heard? Varieties of Representation Political PartiesParty SystemsElection CampaignsOrganized InterestsCorporatismSocial MovementsConclusionReferencesFurther Readings Chapter 12: The Official Response: Public Policy and Administration Two Theories about Public PolicyWho Does What: Examining the Policy CycleTypes of PolicyThe BureaucracyReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 13: The Rule of Law in Practice: The Justice System The Nature of LawThe Legislative ProcessDirect DemocracyPrivate LawAdministrative LawCourt SystemsRightsJudicial ReviewAutomatic Justice?ReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 14: Governing in an Age of Decline? Social and Economic Policy The Nature of Capitalist Market SocietyClassic Liberalism and Laissez-faireModels versus RealityThe Reform of Market CapitalismThe Welfare StateThe Age of Deficit and DebtGoing ForwardReferencesFurther ReadingAppendix: Economic Statistics GlossaryIndex

Larry Johnston is the author of Ideologies: An Analytic and Conceptual Approach (1996) and Between Transcendence and Nihilism (1995). A legislative researcher in Toronto since 1998, he was an academic consultant to the Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform in 2006. He has taught a variety of politics courses at the University of Toronto, McMaster University, and Ryerson University.

• List of Figures Introduction: The Dimensions of Politics and an Approach to its Study What Politics Is...A Comparative Approach Chapter 1: Co-operation, Coercion, and Consent-Opening Ideas Our Social NatureAuthority and LeadershipCivil SocietyBeyond the StateConclusion ReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 2: The Many Ways of Studying Politics Politics as PhilosophyPolitics as Social ScienceUnits of Analysis: Individual, Group, or Class?Politics as AnthropologyBack to Bismarck: Politics and the Study of PoliticsReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 3: From The Republic to the Liberal Republic: History and Ideas Classical AntiquityFeudal Society (the Medieval Era)The ReformationThe EnlightenmentThe Market EconomySynergyPolitical RevolutionLiberal GovernmentPhilosophical WorksReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 4: The Fall and Reluctant Rise of Democracy Democracy DefinedDistrust of DemocracyFrom Liberal Government to Liberal DemocracyAssessing Representative DemocracyDemocracy's ProspectsConsolidating DemocracyReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 5: Roadmap to the Rest (A Comparative Framework) Who's In and Who's OutFunctions, Institutions, SystemsFunctions, Institutions, SystemsFunctions, Institutions, SystemsThe Judiciary as a Branch of GovernmentBicameralism-Do Two Houses Make a Home?Degrees of FederalismElectoral and Party SystemsType of GovernmentRecappingAppendix: Comparative Data SetFurther Reading Chapter 6: Systems of Government: Parliamentary Options Components of Parliamentary GovernmentMajority, Minority, or CoalitionThe Government-Formation ProcessThe Conclusion of a Government and Its ImplicationsA Closer Look at Coalition GovernmentCabinets: Size and StructureExecutive DominanceReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 7: Systems of Government (2): Degrees of Presidentialism Madisonian PresidentialismCoalitional Presidentialism in Latin AmericaSemi-PresidentialismAn Exceptional Case: SwitzerlandConclusionReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 8: Dividing the State: Federalism and Other Options Unitary, Federal, ConfederalComponents of FederalismAsymmetrical FederalismBicameralismAmending FormulaNon-federal OptionsReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 9: Who Wants What? The Political Process Social CleavagesIdeology: The Role of IdeasReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 10: Who Gets In? The Machinery of Democratic Elections What Is an Electoral System?Criteria for Evaluating Electoral SystemsElectoral Systems ConsideredElectoral AdministrationReferencesFurther ReadingsAppendix: Electoral System Data Chapter 11: Who is Heard? Varieties of Representation Political PartiesParty SystemsElection CampaignsOrganized InterestsCorporatismSocial MovementsConclusionReferencesFurther Readings Chapter 12: The Official Response: Public Policy and Administration Two Theories about Public PolicyWho Does What: Examining the Policy CycleTypes of PolicyThe BureaucracyReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 13: The Rule of Law in Practice: The Justice System The Nature of LawThe Legislative ProcessDirect DemocracyPrivate LawAdministrative LawCourt SystemsRightsJudicial ReviewAutomatic Justice?ReferencesFurther Reading Chapter 14: Governing in an Age of Decline? Social and Economic Policy The Nature of Capitalist Market SocietyClassic Liberalism and Laissez-faireModels versus RealityThe Reform of Market CapitalismThe Welfare StateThe Age of Deficit and DebtGoing ForwardReferencesFurther ReadingAppendix: Economic Statistics GlossaryIndex