Wolfgang Stuppert holds a doctoral degree in Social Science from Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany. He has pursued research in East European studies, sociology, law, and political science in Germany and Romania. Over the course of his academic career, he has worked and conducted research on civic activism and democratization in Germany, Romania, Serbia, Uganda, and Zambia. Since 2013, he has worked as an evaluation specialist on education, youth work, gender-based violence, and radicalization for various ministries and governmental agencies, international organizations, and NGOs in Germany, South-Eastern Europe, East and Southern Africa.

• Introduction.- Elections Without Democratization: How African Electoral Authoritarianism Survived.- Mobilizing for Democracy? Collective Action and Political Power in Sub-Saharan Africa.- No Protest, No Choice: Political Mobilizations and Electoral Competitiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa.- Conclusions.

Wolfgang Stuppert holds a doctoral degree in Social Science from Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany. He has pursued research in East European studies, sociology, law, and political science in Germany and Romania. Over the course of his academic career, he has worked and conducted research on civic activism and democratization in Germany, Romania, Serbia, Uganda, and Zambia. Since 2013, he has worked as an evaluation specialist on education, youth work, gender-based violence, and radicalization for various ministries and governmental agencies, international organizations, and NGOs in Germany, South-Eastern Europe, East and Southern Africa.

• Introduction.- Elections Without Democratization: How African Electoral Authoritarianism Survived.- Mobilizing for Democracy? Collective Action and Political Power in Sub-Saharan Africa.- No Protest, No Choice: Political Mobilizations and Electoral Competitiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa.- Conclusions.

Wolfgang Stuppert holds a doctoral degree in Social Science from Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany. He has pursued research in East European studies, sociology, law, and political science in Germany and Romania. Over the course of his academic career, he has worked and conducted research on civic activism and democratization in Germany, Romania, Serbia, Uganda, and Zambia. Since 2013, he has worked as an evaluation specialist on education, youth work, gender-based violence, and radicalization for various ministries and governmental agencies, international organizations, and NGOs in Germany, South-Eastern Europe, East and Southern Africa.

• Introduction.- Elections Without Democratization: How African Electoral Authoritarianism Survived.- Mobilizing for Democracy? Collective Action and Political Power in Sub-Saharan Africa.- No Protest, No Choice: Political Mobilizations and Electoral Competitiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa.- Conclusions.