Political Economy of the Middle East

Edited by Tim Niblock, Professor of Arab Gulf Studies and Director, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, UK and Rodney Wilson, former Professor of Economics, University of Durham, UK

• Contents:Volume I: Acknowledgements • Introduction Rodney Wilson1. Unni Wikan (1985), ‘Living Conditions Among Cairo’s Poor – A View from Below’2. Victor Levy (1986), ‘The Distributional Impact of Economic Growth and Decline in Egypt’3. Rodney Wilson (1993), ‘Whither the Egyptian Economy?’4. Cassandra (1995), ‘The Impending Crisis in Egypt’5. Jahangir Amuzegar (1992), ‘The Iranian Economy Before and After the Revolution’6. A. Aydin Çeçen, A. Suut Dogruel and Fatma Dogruel (1994), ‘Economic Growth and Structural Change in Turkey 1960-88’7. Volker Perthes (1992), ‘The Syrian Economy in the 1980s’8. M. Riad El-Ghonemy (1993), ‘Food Security and Rural Development in North Africa’9. Alan Richards (1981), ‘Agricultural Mechanization in Egypt: Hopes and Fears’10. Stephen Kontos (1990), ‘Farmers and the Failure of Agribusiness in Sudan’11. Ziad Keilany (1980), ‘Land Reform in Syria’12. M.G. Majd (1992), ‘On the Relationship Between Land Reform and Rural-Urban Migration in Iran, 1966-1976’13. E. Mine Cinar (1994), ‘Unskilled Urban Migrant Women and Disguised Employment: Home-Working Women in Istanbul, Turkey’14. Gil Feiler (1993), ‘Palestinian Employment Prospects’15. Robert Bianchi (1986), ‘The Corporatization of the Egyptian Labor Movement’16. Delwin A. Roy and William T. Irelan (1992), ‘Educational Policy and Human Resource Development in Jordan’17. Robert E. Looney (1991), ‘Patterns of Human Resource Development in Saudi Arabia’18. Günter Meyer (1988), ‘Employment in Small Scale Manufacturing in Cairo: A Socio-Economic Survey’19. Donald C. Mead (1982), ‘Small Industries in Egypt: An Exploration of the Economics of Small Furniture Producers’20. Delwin A. Roy (1992), ‘The Hidden Economy in Egypt’Name IndexVolume II: Acknowledgements • Introduction Rodney Wilson1. Rodney Wilson (1994), ‘The Economic Relations of the Middle East: Toward Europe or Within the Region’2. Marvin G. Weinbaum (1986), ‘Dependent Development and U.S. Economic Aid to Egypt’3. Jahangir Amuzegar (1997), ‘Iran’s Economy and the US Sanctions’4. Victor Lavy (1984), ‘The Economic Embargo of Egypt by Arab States: Myth and Reality’5. Sami Baroudi (1993), ‘Egyptian Agricultural Exports Since 1973’6. Rodney J.A. Wilson (1984), ‘Egypt’s Export Diversification: Benefits and Constraints’7. Rodney Wilson (1986), ‘The Developmental Impact of Egypt’s Import Liberalisation’8. Halis Akder (1987), ‘Turkey’s Export Expansion in the Middle East, 1980-1985’9. Rodney J.A. Wilson (1984), ‘Japan’s Exports to the Middle East: Directional and Commodity Trends and Price Behavior’10. Chung In Moon (1986), ‘Korean Contractors in Saudi Arabia: Their Rise and Fall’11. Y.H. Farzin (1993), ‘Importance of Foreign Investment for the Long-Run Economic Development of the United Arab Emirates’12. Charles R. Kennedy, Jr. (1984), ‘Multinational Corporations and Political Risk in the Persian Gulf’13. Ishac Diwan and Lyn Squire (1995), ‘Private Assets and Public Debts: External Finance in a Peaceful Middle East’14. Onn Winckler (1997), ‘The Immigration Policy of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States’15. Rainer Hartmann (1995), ‘Yemeni Exodus from Saudi-Arabia: The Gulf Conflict and the Ceasing of the Workers’ Emigration’16. Charles B. Keely and Bassam Saket (1984), ‘Jordanian Migrant Workers in the Arab Region: A Case Study of Consequences for Labor Supplying Countries’17. Richard H. Adams, Jr. (1993), ‘The Economic and Demographic Determinants of International Migration in Rural Egypt’18. Onn Winckler (1997), ‘Syrian Migration to the Arab Oil-Producing Countries’Name IndexVolume III:Acknowledgements • Introduction Rodney Wilson1. Masudul Alam Choudhury (1983), ‘Principles of Islamic Economics’2. M. Siddieq Noorzoy (1982), ‘Islamic Laws on Riba (Interest) and their Economic Implications’3. Timur Kuran (1986), ‘The Economic System in Contemporary Islamic Thought: Interpretation and Assessment’4. Timur Kuran (1995), ‘Islamic Economics and the Islamic Subeconomy’5. M. Umer Chapra (1991), ‘The Need for a New Economic System’6. Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi (1991), ‘Some Economic Aspects of Mudarabah’7. Mohsin S. Khan and Abbas Mirakhor (1992), ‘Islam and the Economic System’8. Joseph J. Spengler (1963-64), ‘Economic Thought of Islam: Ibn Khaldûn’9. Dieter Weiss (1995), ‘Ibn Khaldun on Economic Transformation’10. Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr (1989), ‘Islamic Economics: Novel Perspectives’11. Uri M. Kupferschmidt (1987), ‘Reformist and Militant Islam in Urban and Rural Egypt’12. Patrick Clawson (1988), ‘Islamic Iran’s Economic Politics and Prospects’13. Mehrdad Valibeigi (1993), ‘Islamic Economics and Economic Policy Formation in Post-Revolutionary Iran: A Critique’14. Ziauddin Ahmad (1994), ‘Islamic Banking: State of the Art’15. A. Reza Hoshmand (1995), ‘Profit and Loss Sharing in Islamic Banking: Alternative Financing for Agriculture in Developed and Developing Countries?’16. Clement Henry Moore (1990), ‘Islamic Banks and Competitive Politics in the Arab World and Turkey’17. Delwin A. Roy (1991), ‘Islamic Banking’18. Alexandria R. Hardie and M. Rabooy (1991), ‘Risk, Piety, and the Islamic Investor’19. Ann Elizabeth Mayer (1985), ‘Islamic Banking and Credit Policies in the Sadat Era: The Social Origins of Islamic Banking in Egypt’20. Hamid Hosseini (1988), ‘Islamic Economics in Iran and Other Muslim Countries: Is a New Economic Paradigm in the Making?’21. Mohsin S. Khan and Abbas Mirakhor (1990), ‘Islamic Banking: Experiences in the Islamic Republic of Iran and in Pakistan’22. Rodney Wilson (1987), ‘Islamic Banking in Jordan’23. Rodney Wilson (1989), ‘The Islamic Development Bank’s Role as an Aid Agency for Moslem Countries’Name IndexVolume IV:Acknowledgements • Introduction Tim Niblock1. Tosun Aricanli and Dani Rodrik (1990), ‘An Overview of Turkey’s Experience with Economic Liberalization and Structural Adjustment’2. Kiren Aziz Chaudhry (1991), ‘On the Way to Market: Economic Liberalization and Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait’3. Mark N. Cooper (1983), ‘State Capitalism, Class Structure, and Social Transformation in the Third World: The Case of Egypt’4. Fred Gottheil (1981), ‘Iraqi and Syrian Socialism: An Economic Appraisal’5. Raymond A. Hinnebusch (1995), ‘The Political Economy of Economic Liberalization in Syria’6. International Monetary Fund (1991), ‘Tunisia’s Economic Reforms Advance: IMF Approves Fourth Year of Support Under Extended Arrangement’7. Tim Niblock (1998), ‘Democratization: A Theoretical and Practical Debate’8. Massoud Karshenas and M. Hashem Pesaran (1995), ‘Economic Reform and the Reconstruction of the Iranian Economy’9. Victor Lavy and Hillel Rapoport (1992), ‘External Debt and Structural Adjustment: Recent Experience in Turkey’10. Fred H. Lawson (1994), ‘Domestic Transformation and Foreign Steadfastness in Contemporary Syria’11. Hans Löfgren (1993), ‘Economic Policy in Egypt: A Breakdown in Reform Resistance?’12. Robert E. Looney (1990), ‘Structural and Economic Change in the Arab Gulf After 1973’13. Meltem Müftüler (1995), ‘Turkish Economic Liberalization and European Integration’14. Emma Murphy (1994), ‘Structural Inhibitions to Economic Liberalization in Israel’15. Ziya Önis (1991), ‘The Evolution of Privatization in Turkey: The Institutional Context of Public-Enterprise Reform’16. Alan Richards (1993), ‘Economic Imperatives and Political Systems’17. Alan Richards (1991), ‘The Political Economy of Dilatory Reform: Egypt in the 1980s’18. Robert Springborg (1990), ‘Agrarian Bourgeoisie, Semiproletarians and the Egyptian State: Lessons for Liberalization’19. Robert Springborg (1986), ‘Infitah, Agrarian Transformation, and Elite Consolidation in Contemporary Iraq’20. Paul Stevens (1989), ‘Privatisation in the Middle East and North Africa’21. Denis J. Sullivan (1990), ‘The Political Economy of Reform in Egypt’22. Dirk Vandewalle (1991), ‘Qadhafi’s “Perestroika”: Economic and Political Liberalization in Libya’Name Index Volume V:Acknowledgements • Introduction Tim Niblock1. Abdelrahman Al-Hegelan and Monte Palmer (1985), ‘Bureaucracy and Development in Saudi Arabia’2. Lisa Anderson (1991), ‘Political Pacts, Liberalism and Democracy: The Tunisian National Pact of 1988’3. Lisa Anderson (1987), ‘The State in the Middle East and North Africa’4. Nazih N. Ayubi (1990), ‘Etatism Versus Privatization: The Case of the Public Sector in Egypt’5. Nazih N. Ayubi (1995), ‘The Structure and Performance of Arab Administrations: New Challenges; Old Constraints’6. Michel Chatelus and Yves Schemeil (1984), ‘Towards a New Political Economy of State Industrialization in the Arab Middle East’7. M.R. Ghasimi (1992), ‘The Iranian Economy after the Revolution: An Economic Appraisal of the Five-Year Plan’8. Kate Gillespie and William A. Stoever (1988), ‘Investment Promotion Policies in Sadat’s Egypt: Lessons for Less-Developed Countries’9. Iliya Harik (1992), ‘Subsidization Policies in Egypt: Neither Economic Growth Nor Distribution’10. Mervat F. Hatem (1992), ‘Economic and Political Liberation in Egypt and the Demise of State Feminism’11. Norriss S. Hetherington (1982), ‘Industrialization and Revolution in Iran: Forced Progress or Unmet Expectation?’12. Raymond A. Hinnebusch (1993), ‘State and Civil Society in Syria’13. Adnan Mazarei, Jr. (1996), ‘The Iranian Economy under the Islamic Republic: Institutional Change and Macroeconomic Performance (1979-1990)’14. Özay Mehmet (1983), ‘Turkey in Crisis: Some Contradictions in the Kemalist Development Strategy’15. Michel G. Nehme (1994), ‘Saudi Development Plans Between Capitalist and Islamic Values’16. Se-Hark Park (1985), ‘Investment Planning and the Macroeconomic Constraints in Developing Countries: The Case of the Syrian Arab Republic’17. Volker Perthes (1992), ‘The Syrian Private Industrial and Commercial Sectors and the State’18. Patricia Springborg (1987), ‘The Contractual State: Reflections on Orientalism and Despotism’19. Robert Springborg (1991), ‘State-Society Relations in Egypt: The Debate Over Owner-Tenant Relations’20. John Waterbury (1991), ‘Twilight of the State Bourgeoisie?’21. Samir M. Youssef (1994), ‘The Egyptian Private Sector and the Bureaucracy’Name IndexVolume VI:Acknowledgements • Introduction Timothy Niblock1. J.A. Allen (1983), ‘Libya Accommodates to Lower Oil Revenues: Economic and Political Adjustments’2. Abbas Alnasrawi (1984), ‘Middle East Oil and Economic Development: Regional and Global Implications’3. Hooshang Amirahmadi (1996), ‘Oil at the Turn of the Twenty First Century’4. S.N. Asad Rizvi (1993), ‘From Tents to High Rise: Economic Development of the United Arab Emirates’5. Cyrus Bina (1992), ‘The Laws of Economic Rent and Property: Application to the Oil Industry’6. William R. Brown (1982), ‘The Oil Weapon’7. Kiren Aziz Chaudhry (1989), ‘The Price of Wealth: Business and State in Labor Remittance and Oil Economies’8. Nazli Choucri (1986), ‘The Hidden Economy: A New View of Remittances in the Arab World’9. Samih K. Farsoun (1988), ‘Oil, State, and Social Structure in the Middle East’10. Deborah J. Gerner (1985), ‘Petro-Dollar Recycling: Imports, Arms, Investment and Aid’11. Mahmoud A. Kaboudan (1988), ‘Oil Revuenue and Kuwait’s Economy: An Econometric Approach’12. M.A. Katouzian (1978), ‘Oil Versus Agriculture: A Case of Dual Depletion in Iran’13. Walter J. Levy (1978/79), ‘The Years that the Locust Hath Eaten: Oil Policy and OPEC Development Prospects’14. Robert E. Looney (1990), ‘Saudi Arabian Budgetary Dilemmas’15. Robert E. Looney (1992), ‘Employment Creation in an Oil-Based Economy: Kuwait’16. Neil Richardson (1991), ‘Oil and Middle Eastern Politics’17. Hootan Shambayati (1994), ‘The Rentier State, Interest Groups, and the Paradox of Autonomy: State and Business in Turkey and Iran’18. Theda Skocpol (1982), ‘Rentier State and Shi’a Islam in the Iranian Revolution’19. Vahan Zanoydan (1995), ‘After the Oil Boom: The Holiday Ends in the Gulf’Name Index