Police Use of Force

James F. Albrecht is a Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Homeland Security at Pace University in New York City. Jimmy received a prestigious Fulbright Fellowship in 1998 and worked as a Professor at the National Police College of Finland.  He is also the recipient of a 2013 Embassy Policy Specialist Fellowship (USDOS/IREX) and was tasked with conducting research and making recommendations to improve law enforcement effectiveness and legitimacy in Ukraine.  Police Chief Albrecht served in the European Union Rule of Law Mission (EULEX) in Kosovo (former Yugoslavia) as the Head of the EULEX Police Executive Department, in charge of criminal investigations and coordinating international law enforcement cooperation and intelligence analysis from 2008 through 2010.  He had previously served in the United Nations Mission in Kosovo Police from 2007 to 2008. Jimmy is also a 23-year veteran of the NYPD who retired as the Commanding Officer of NYPDTransit Bureau District 20, tasked with the prevention of crime and terrorism in the subway and commuter transit system in New York City. He was a first responder and incident command staff manager at the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and developed the counter-terrorism strategic plan for the subway system in the borough of Queens, New York City.Dr. Garth den Heyer is a Professor with the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Arizona State University in Phoenix. He served with the New Zealand Police for 38 years, retiring as an Inspector and Manager of National Security. He also spent more than 20 months as a strategic advisor to the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands. His main research interests are policing, militarization, counterterrorism, service delivery efficacy, policy development, strategic thinking, and organizational reform.

• 0. Preface.- 1. Analyzing the Use of Deadly Force by Police in Canada and the United States.- 2. Analyzing and Understanding Police-Involved Shootings in the United States .- 3. Police Shootings, the Media and the Public.- 4. A Comparison of the Use of Force by Police: New Zealand and England & Wales.- 5. Big Data before its Time: The New Zealand Police Tactical Options Report Database.- 6. Police Training Options to Reduce Violence in Police-Suspect Encounters.- 7. Reporting Police Use of Conducted Energy Weapons to the Public: a Cross-Jurisdictional Comparison.- 8. Police and Protestors: Motives and Responses.- 9. An Examination of the Police Response to Riots and Violent Demonstrations in the United States.- 10. Soccer-related Violence: The Police Response in Australia and in the United Kingdom.- 11. Factors Influencing Assaults on New Zealand Police Officers.- 12. Assaults on Police Officers: A Review of the Predictors.- 13. When the Protectors become the Aggressors: PoliceBrutality in South Africa.- 14. Criminological Explanations for Police Officer Brutality and Criminality.- 15. The Use of Force by Police Officers in the Republic of Kosovo.- 16. The Effect of Police Accountability Measures on the Repeat Use of Excessive Force by Police Officers.- 17. Police-Community Relations: Policing amidst the Black Lives Matter Movement in the United States.- 18. The Negative Impact of Police Psycho-physiological Stressors.- 19. Afterword and Final Thoughts.