Plastics Waste Management

Processing and Disposal

Inbunden, Engelska, 2019

2 669 kr

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The book provides clear explanations for newcomers to the subject as well as contemporary details and theory for the experienced user in plastics waste management.It is seldom that a day goes by without another story or photo regarding the problem of plastics waste in the oceans or landfills. While important efforts are being made to clear up the waste, this book looks at the underlying causes and focuses on plastics waste management. Plastics manufacturers have been slow to recognize their environmental impact compared with more directly polluting industries. However, the environmental pressures concerning plastics have forced the industry to examine their own recycling operations and implement plastics waste management.Plastics Waste Management realizes two ideals: That all plastics should be able to persist for as long as plastics are required, and that all plastics are recycled in a uniform manner regardless of the length of time for which it persists. The book examines plastics waste management and systems for the environment, as well the management approaches and techniques which are appropriate for managing the environment. It serves as an excellent and thoughtful plastics waste management handbook.This groundbreaking book: Identifies deficiencies in plastics waste managementExtrapolates from experiences to draw some conclusions about plastics waste for persistenceDescribes methods how the waste related processing techniques should be used in recyclingShows how the consumer and industry can assess the performance of plastics waste managementExplains waste utilization by recycling techniques as well as waste reductionLife cycle assessment as an important technique for recycling of persistent plastics waste.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2019-09-03
Mått10 x 10 x 10 mm
Vikt454 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor270
Upplaga2
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119555872

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Muralisrinivasan Natamai Subramanian is a consultant in the field of plastics technology, specializing in materials, additives, and processing equipment, including troubleshooting. He obtained his BSc in chemistry from Madurai Kamaraj University and his MSc in polymer technology from Bharathiar University in 1988. He received his postgraduate diploma in plastics processing technology from Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, India. He also holds a doctorate in polymer science from Madurai Kamaraj University. He worked in the plastic processing industry, mainly in R&D, for 13 years before entering into consultancy and building up an international client base. Muralisrinivasan holds seminars on plastics processing and serves as a Board of Studies Expert Member of Colleges in India, dealing with technology curricula. He has authored multiple books for the Wiley-Scrivener imprint.

Preface xiii1 Introduction 1 References 42 Plastics and Additives 72.1 Polymers 72.2 Plastics 82.3 Plastics Raw Material 92.4 Thermoplastics 92.4.1 Polyolefin 102.4.1.1 Polyethylene 112.4.1.2 Polypropylene 122.4.1.3 Polystyrene 142.4.1.4 Polyvinyl Chloride 142.4.2 Polyester 162.4.3 Polycarbonate 172.4.4 Polyamide 182.4.5 Biodegradable Plastics 182.5 Thermosets 192.5.1 Phenol-formaldehyde 202.5.2 Unsaturated Polyester 202.6 Additives 202.6.1 Antioxidants 222.6.2 Slip Additives 222.6.3 Ultraviolet Stabilizers 232.6.4 Heat Stabilizers 232.6.5 Plasticizers 242.6.6 Lubricants 252.6.7 Flame Retardants 252.6.8 Mold Release Agents 262.6.9 Nucleating Agents 282.6.10 Fillers 292.7 Plastics – Applications 292.8 Remarks 30References 303 Plastics and Environment 373.1 Plastics and Conventional Materials – Comparison 373.2 Effects of Plastics Products and Environment 393.3 Landsite Effects 393.4 Chemical Environment 393.5 Marine Environment 403.6 Packaging Materials 423.7 Agricultural Fields 423.8 Waste Accumulation 433.9 Degradation of Plastics 433.9.1 Process Degradation 433.9.2 Environmental Degradation 453.10 Environmental Burdens 463.11 Industrial Ecosystem 473.12 Remarks 47References 474 Plastics Processing Technology 534.1 Background 534.2 Management – Plastics Processing 544.3 Plastic Materials – Variations 554.4 Technology 564.4.1 Injection Molding 584.4.2 Blow Molding 604.4.3 Extrusion 624.4.4 Thermoforming 634.4.5 Rotational Molding 644.4.6 Compression Molding 664.5 Productivity and Task 674.6 Waste Processing 684.7 Reprocess Material in Plastics Processing 694.8 Challenges and Opportunities 704.9 Remarks 71References 715 Plastics Waste – Consumer and Industry 735.1 Background 745.2 Plastics Waste 745.3 Polyolefin 755.4 Polypropylene 765.5 Polystyrene 765.6 Polyvinylchloride 765.7 Bioplastics 775.8 Additives and Environment 785.8.1 Heat Stabilizers 785.8.2 Plasticizers 785.8.3 Flame Retardants 795.8.4 Compatibilizers 795.9 Technological Aspects 805.10 Factors Influencing Plastics Waste 805.11 Waste Resources 815.11.1 Domestic Waste 815.11.2 Packaging Waste 825.11.3 E-Waste 835.11.4 Automotive Waste 845.11.5 Medical Plastics Waste 845.11.6 Agriculture Plastics Waste 855.11.7 Marine Plastics Waste 855.11.8 Mixed or Contaminated Plastics 865.12 Plastics Waste Reduction 865.13 Advantages of Waste Prevention 885.14 Waste Reduction and Performance 895.15 Recovery of Plastics 895.16 Remarks 90References 916 Plastics Waste Management 976.1 Principles 976.2 Objective 986.3 Requirements 986.4 Management Concept 996.5 Waste Collection 996.6 Separation and Cleaning 1006.7 Scientific Thinking 1016.8 Outcome 1016.9 Effective Management 1016.10 Dynamic Thinking 1026.11 Multi-Phase Approach 1036.12 Significance 1036.13 Progressive Management Characteristics 1046.14 Risks in Plastics Waste Management 1056.15 Factors – Affect, Suffer, and Influence 1056.16 Operational Problems 1066.17 Sustainability and Symbolic Management 1066.18 Environmental Conservation 1076.19 Decision-Making Process 1076.20 Integrated Plastics Waste Management 1086.21 Assignments 1096.22 Advantages 1106.23 Shortcomings 111References 1127 Recycling Technology 1157.1 Man-Made Material – Plastics 1167.2 Substantial Prerequisite 1177.3 Philosophy 1177.4 Purpose of Recycling Technology 1187.5 Fortune of Plastics Material 1197.6 Methods of Recycling 1197.7 Plastics Waste – Stream 1217.8 Mixed Plastics Waste – Separation 1237.9 Origination of Plastics Waste 1247.10 Problems of Recycling and Controls 1257.10.1 Problems 1257.10.2 Controls 1267.11 Physical Characterization and Identification 1267.12 Recycling – A Resource 1277.13 Recycling Technology 1287.14 Primary Recycling 1297.14.1 Reprocessing Essentials 1307.15 Mechanical Recycling 1307.15.1 Limitations 1327.15.2 Processing Problems 1327.16 Chemical Recycling 1337.17 Energy Recovery 1367.18 Pyrolysis 1367.19 Types of Reactors and Process Design 1407.19.1 Batch and Semi-Batch Reactor 1407.19.2 Fluidized Bed Reactor 1417.19.3 Conical Spouted Bed Reactor 1427.19.4 Two-Stage Pyrolysis System 1427.19.5 Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) 1437.19.6 Pyrolysis in Supercritical Water (SCW) 1447.19.7 Fluid Catalytic Cracking 1447.20 Thermal Co-Processing 1457.20.1 Advantages 1467.21 Gasification 1467.22 Plastics Waste and Recycling 1477.22.1 Polyolefin 1477.22.2 Polyvinyl Chloride 1487.22.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate 1487.23 Environmental Burdens 1507.23.1 Incineration – Open Air 1507.23.2 Plastics Waste in Concrete 1517.23.3 Plastics Waste in Tar for Road Laying 1517.24 Plastics Waste as Blends and Composites 1527.25 Remarks 153References 1538 Economy and Recycle Market 1638.1 Economical Background 1638.2 Growth Trajectory 1648.3 Value of Plastics Waste 1648.4 Economic Issues 1658.5 Market Dynamics and Uncertainty 1668.6 Fiscal Waste 1678.7 Waste to Value 1688.8 Industrial Ecology 1698.9 Industrial Symbioses (ISs) 1708.10 Economic Advantages 1718.11 Economic Implications 1718.12 Marketing Strategy 1728.13 Modern Marketing Philosophy 1738.14 Recycled Plastics Market 1738.15 Industrial Marketing 1758.16 Product Development and Marketing 1768.17 Recycled Plastic Products and Consumer Market 1778.18 Remarks 178References 1799 Life Cycle Assessment 1839.1 LCA and Plastics Waste 183Background 1849.2 Life Cycle Assessment – A Tool to Assess Waste 1859.3 Scientific Engineering 1879.4 Purpose 1879.5 Harmonization of LCA Method 1889.6 Methodology 1889.7 LCA Initiation 1899.8 LCA in Plastics Waste 1909.9 Advantages of LCA 1919.10 Shortcomings of LCA 1919.11 Environment Waste Auditing 1929.12 Waste Prevention 1939.13 Remarks 194References 19410 Case Studies 19910.1 Waste Dump and Health Hazards 19910.2 Utilization of Plastics Waste 20010.2.1 Europe 20110.2.2 India 20110.2.3 Japan 20210.2.4 France 20310.2.5 Other Countries 20410.3 Use of Case Studies 20510.4 Property Value 20610.5 Case Study 1: Plastics Waste from the Electric and Electronic Field 20610.5.1 Concept 20610.5.2 Objective 20710.5.3 Methodology 20710.5.4 Experimental Method 20810.5.5 Results 21010.5.6 Conclusion 21010.6 Case Study 2: Plastics Waste from the Automobile Industry 21010.6.1 Background 21010.6.2 Design 21110.6.3 Disposal and Recovery 21110.6.3.1 Recycling of Bumpers 21110.6.4 Inference 21110.7 Pros and Cons 21310.7.1 Positive Thinking 21310.7.2 Negative Effects 21310.8 Research and Case Study 21410.9 Remarks 214References 21511 Present Trends 21911.1 Economic Issues 21911.2 Industry and Society 22011.3 Landfilling 22011.4 Effect of Single-Use Plastic Products 22111.5 Effect on Food Packaging 22111.6 Recycling Status 22211.7 Present Research and Shortcomings 22211.8 Population Growth and Waste 22311.9 Remarks 224References 22412 Future Trends 22712.1 Present Problems 22712.2 Incineration in Open Air 22812.3 Environmental Advantages 22912.4 Plastics Waste – Challenge 22912.5 Environmental and Social Problems – Prevention 23012.6 Reasons – Waste Accumulation 23112.7 Ecological Issues 23212.8 Facts about Bioplastics 23212.9 Future Requirements 23312.10 Remarks 234References 235Index 237