Pituitary Disorders

Sylvia Asa, MD, PhD, Clinical Department Head, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, University Health Network and Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada. Edward R. Laws, MD, FACS, Director, Pituitary/Neuroendocrine Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Shereen Ezzat, FACO, FRCPC, MD, Professor of Medicine & Oncology Head, Endocrine Oncology Site Group, Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Linda Rio, MA, MFT, Pituitary Network Association, Los Angeles, California, USA.

• List of Contributors, ixIntroduction, xivRobert KnutzenAbbreviations, xviSection 1: Overview1 The Endocrine System, 3Sylvia L. Asa and Shereen Ezzat2 Signs and Symptoms of Pituitary Disease, 13Physical Manifestations of Pituitary Disorders, 13Eva Fernandez-Rodriguez, Ignacio Bernabeu, and Felipe F. CasanuevaEmotional Manifestations of Pituitary Disorders, 15Eva N. Kassi, Gregory A. Kaltsas, and George P. ChrousosMental Health Aspects of Pituitary Disorders, 17Valerie GoldenSection 2: Disorders3 Acromegaly, 23Shereen Ezzat4 Secondary Adrenal Insuffi ciency, 32Tobias Else and Richard J. Auchus5 Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency, 47T. Brooks Vaughan III, Kristen Owen Riley, and Lewis S. Blevins Jr.6 Pituitary Carcinoma, 55Sylvia L. Asa7 Craniopharyngioma, 59Jessica K. Devin8 Cushing’s Syndrome, 67Lewis S. Blevins Jr.9 Empty Sella Syndrome, 77Michael C. Oh and Manish K. Aghi10 Familial Pituitary Adenomas, 87Laura C. Hernández-Ramírez and Márta Korbonits11 Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone Secreting Tumors, 111Bahram Khazai, Ronald S. Swerdloff, and Christina Wang12 Hypopituitarism, 120Klara J. Rosenquist and Ursula B. Kaiser13 Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas, 130Brandon A. Miller, Adriana G. Ioachimescu, and Nelson M. Oyesiku14 Prolactinoma, 138Luis G. Sobrinho15 Rathke’s Cleft Cysts, 146Seunggu J. Han, Arman Jahangiri, and Manish K. Aghi16 Thyroid Hormone Deficiency, 153Whitney W. Woodmansee17 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Secreting Tumor, 159Andrea Lania, Luca Persani, and Paolo Beck-Peccoz18 Pituitary Disorders – Specific Issues for Women, 167Maria Fleseriu, Christine G. Yedinak, Jessica Brzana, and Shirley McCartney19 Hypogonadism and Male Sexual Function, 179Prasanth N. Surampudi, Christina Wang, and Ronald S. Swerdloff20 Pituitary Disorders Specific to Children, 193Kathryn Pade and Mitchell E. GeffnerSection 3: Diagnosing Pituitary Disorders21 Physical Examination , 207Laurence Katznelson22 Pituitary Endocrine Function Testing , 213Shereen EzzatSection 4: Treatment of Pituitary Disorders23 Medical Management of Pituitary Adenomas , 227Paolo Cappabianca, Daniel M. Prevedello, Michelangelo de Angelis, Andressa Bornschein, Leo F. S. Ditzel Filho, Domenico Solari, Ricardo L. Carrau, Felice Esposito, Danielle de Lara, Luigi M. Cavallo, and Annamaria Colao24 Surgical Management of Pituitary Disorders , 243Pure Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery, 243Gautam U. Mehta and John A. Jane Jr.Open Transcranial Approaches to the Sella, 245Ian F. DunnEndoscopic Skull Base Approaches, 247Tong Yang and Theodore H. SchwartzTransnasal Endoscope-Assisted Transsphenoidal Approach for Pituitary Tumors, 248Huy T. Duong and Daniel F. Kelly25 Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pituitary Adenomas, 255Brian J. Williams, Stephen J. Monteith, and Jason P. Sheehan26 Hormone Replacement Therapy, 265Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults, 265Joseph A. M. J. L. Janssen and Aart Jan van der LelyGrowth Hormone Deficiency in Children and Adolescents, 269Alan D. RogolPituitary Hormone Replacement in Women, 272Adriana G. IoachimescuSection 5: Complications that Accompany Pituitary Disease27 Complications of Pituitary Disease, 279Cardiac Complications, 279Ludovica F. S. Grasso, Alessia Cozzolino , and Annamaria ColaoCognitive Dysfunction, 280Krystallenia I. Alexandraki, Gregory A. Kaltsas, and George P. ChrousosDiabetes Insipidus, 281Marco Faustini-Fustini and Giorgio FrankHeadaches, 282Paul B. RizzoliObesity, 283Andrea L. UtzOsteoporosis, 284Andrea L. UtzPermanent Hormone Deficiency, 285Andrea L. UtzVisual Deficits Caused by Pituitary Tumors, 286Sashank PrasadSection 6: General Psychological and Psychosocial Effects28 General Psychological and Psychosocial Effects of Pituitary Disorders, 293Valerie GoldenSection 7: Long Term: What You and Your Patients Can Expect 29 Living with Pituitary Disease, 303Jessica K. DevinSection 8: Research and Clinical Trials30 Research and Clinical Trials, 313Brittany P. Sumerel and Anthony P. HeaneySection 9: Resources31 Fundamentals of Pituitary Pathology, 325Sylvia L. AsaGlossary, 333Pejman CohanIndex, 347