Keith Roberts was born in 1955 and was educated at Highgate School. He graduated in History from Leicester University in 1977 and is currently employed by one of the major clearing banks. He is a military analyst and lecturer on the theory and practice of war in Europe and England between 1590 and 1660 and has published widely in this field.Adam Hook studied graphic design, and began his work as an illustrator in 1983. He specializes in detailed historical reconstructions, and has illustrated Osprey titles on subjects as diverse as the Aztecs, the Ancient Greeks, Roman battle tactics, 19th-century American subjects, the modern Chinese Army, and the history of fortification. His work features in exhibitions and publications throughout the world.

• IntroductionMaurice of Nassau counters Spanish tactics, 1590sThe Swedish method – Gustavus Adolphus adapts Dutch doctrine for more aggressive operations against German armies, 1630sEnglish veterans use Dutch tactics and German experience against the Scots, 1630sThe English Civil Wars, 1642–50: early Royalist armies use Swedish tactics, Parliamentary generals DutchGerman tactics – developments 1642–45 – the different influences carried over into the New Model ArmyConclusions

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