Physiology and Behaviour of Animal Suffering

Professor Neville Gregory is based at the Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead, London.

• Foreword ixPreface xi1 Introduction 11.1 What Is Suffering? 11.2 Why Worry about Animal Suffering? 11.3 When Can We Stop Worrying about Animal Suffering? 11.4 Recognising Suffering in Animals 71.5 Can Animals Go Mad? 81.6 What Constitutes Animal Suffering? 91.7 Conclusions 102 Stress 122.1 Stress Physiology 122.2 Stress-related Disorders 172.3 Restraint Stress 192.4 Stress-induced Analgesia 212.5 Stress-induced Seizures and Fits 213 Anxiety and Fear 223.1 Introduction 223.2 Anxiety 233.3 Experimental Models 253.4 Fear 263.5 Fright 283.6 Phobias 283.7 Panic 293.8 The Role of the Amygdala 303.9 Losing One’s Mother 314 Emotional Numbness and Deprivation 324.1 Anhedonia 324.2 Depression 334.3 Social isolation in the Newborn 344.4 Sensory Deprivation in Early Life 354.5 Sensory Deprivation in Later Life 364.6 Social Isolation and Barren Environments 364.7 Stereotypies and Neurotic Behaviours 374.8 Learned Helplessness 404.9 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 404.10 Sleep Disorders 424.11 Weaning 444.12 Physiology of Emotions 455 Aggression, Overcrowding and Discomfort 465.1 Aggression 465.2 Overcrowding and Confinement 515.3 Discomfort 546 Exercise 566.1 Overexertion 566.2 Endurance Riding 576.3 Horse-racing Injuries 586.4 Greyhound Racing Injuries 616.5 Migration 637 Cold 647.1 Cold Discomfort and Pain 647.2 Skin Freezing and Chilblains 657.3 Hypothermia 667.4 Sensitivity to Cold 677.5 Hypothermia and Cold Survival 677.6 Cold in Combination with Starvation 697.7 Cold-induced Analgesia 708 Heat and Burns 728.1 Heat Stress 728.2 Heat Intolerance 738.3 Some Species Differences 748.4 Pain 758.5 Burns and Scalds 769 Thirst and Hunger 839.1 Thirst and Dehydration 839.2 Overhydration 869.3 Osmotic Stress 869.4 Hunger 879.5 Underfeeding 889.6 Emaciation 899.7 Inappropriate Diets 919.8 Forced Moulting 929.9 Force-feeding and Overeating 9210 Pain 9410.1 The Value of Pain 9410.2 Pain Associated with Trauma 9510.3 Ways in Which Animals Express Pain 9910.4 Pain Pathways and Consciousness 10210.5 Cortical Regions 10610.6 Applied Neurology of Pain 10710.7 Pain in a Given Context 11911 Trauma 13111.1 Injuries in Selected Body Regions and Tissues 13111.2 Some Common Causes of Injury 13311.3 Intended or Avoidable Causes of Trauma 14211.4 Types of Injury 17212 Sickness and Disease 18312.1 Is Suffering an Inevitable Consequence of Being Ill? 18312.2 Do the Behaviours Expressed During Sickness Serve a Purpose? 18512.3 Cytokines and Sickness Behaviours 18612.4 Cancer 18712.5 Stress and Immune Function 18812.6 Corticosteroid Therapy 19112.7 Anaemia 19112.8 Hazards of Improving Disease Control 19112.9 Diseases Used for Controlling Pests 19213 Digestive System 19313.1 Nausea 19313.2 Vomiting and Retching 19313.3 Gut Pain 19513.4 Diarrhoea 19713.5 Gut Injuries 19813.6 Stress and the Gut 19813.7 Gastrointestinal Ulcers 19914 Poisoning 20114.1 Wartime Poisons 20114.2 Environmental Toxicants 20214.3 Vertebrate Pesticides 20315 Respiratory System 20715.1 Asphyxia 20815.2 Breathlessness 20915.3 Carbon Dioxide Inhalation 21115.4 Drowning 21215.5 Pulmonary Oedema 21415.6 Hypoxia 21515.7 Altitude Sickness 21715.8 Decompression 21815.9 Collapse of the Lung and Pneumothorax 21915.10 Asthma and Allergies 21915.11 Ammonia 22015.12 Signs of Respiratory Distress 22015.13 Agonal Gasping 22216 Dying 22316.1 Euthanasia 22416.2 Decapitation 22616.3 Religious Slaughter 22716.4 Death from Brain Injury 22716.5 Recognising Insensibility and Brain Death 229References 232Abbreviations 258Index 260

"The purpose is to bring together knowledge from a variety of scientific fields that should help people arrive at an informed judgment about animal suffering and to recognize when it is present in a given situation in a given animal species. The book does not present moral views but instead attempts to help readers in their thinking rather than telling them what to think. Such an objective is indeed a worthy one for all of us who have animal contact or care about the animal kingdom. This book meets its objectives extremely well, especially its goal of providing an objective reference for recognizing and understanding animal suffering rather than solely relying on subjective criteria." (Mark  S.  Kuhlenschmidt, BS, MS, PhD, , @Doody's Review Service)