Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts in Water Remediation

Dr Prasenjit Bhunia is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Silda Chandra Sekhar College (affiliated to Vidyasagar University), West Bengal, India. Dr Kingshuk Dutta, FICS, is a Scientist in the Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory of the Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology, Karnataka, India. Dr S. Vadivel is an Assistant Professor (Senior Grade) in the Department of Electrochemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India.

• Preface ixAbout the Editors xiList of Contributors xiiiAcknowledgements xv1 Fundamentals and Functional Mechanisms of Photocatalysis in Water Treatment 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Different Photocatalytic Materials for Water Treatment 21.3 In-depth Mechanisms of Photocatalysis 91.4 Visible Light Driven Photocatalysts for Water Decontamination 201.5 Summary 252 Different Synthetic Routes and Band Gap Engineering of Photocatalysts 392.1 Introduction 392.2 Synthesis of Photocatalysts 402.3 Properties of Ideal Photocatalytic Material 572.4 Engineering Photocatalytic Properties 582.5 Energy Bandgap 592.6 Engineering the Desired Band Gap 642.7 Photocatalytic Mechanisms, Schemes and Systems 692.8 Summary and Perspectives 713 Photocatalytic Decontamination of Organic Pollutants from Water 813.1 Introduction 813.2 Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanisms of Organic Contaminants 823.3 Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Decontamination of Organic Pollutants 833.4 Solar/Visible-light Driven Photocatalytic Decontamination of Organic Pollutants 853.5 Emerging Scientific Opportunities of Photocatalysts in Removal of Organic Pollutants 873.6 Limitations of Photocatalytic Decontamination and Key Mitigation Strategies 953.7 Summary and Future Directions 964 Photocatalytic Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water 1054.1 Introduction 1054.2 Mechanistic Insights on Photocatalytic Removal of Heavy Metal Ions 1104.3 Solar/Visible-light Driven Photocatalysts for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions 1134.4 Selective Heavy Metal Ion Removal by Semiconductor Photocatalysts 1234.5 Major Drawbacks and Key Mitigation Strategies 1254.6 Summary and Future Directions 1265 Smart Photocatalysts in Water Remediation 1355.1 Introduction 1355.2 Advances in the Development of Visible-light Driven Photocatalysts 1385.3 Advances in Photocatalyst Immobilization and Supports 1425.4 Advances in Nonimmobilized Smart Photocatalysts 1445.5 Advances in Improving the Efficiency of Light Delivery 1495.6 Advances in Biomaterials for Designing Smart Photocatalysts 1575.7 Advances Toward Improving Photocatalytic Activity via External Stimuli 1595.8 Advances in Inhibiting the Photocorrosion of Semiconductor-based Photocatalysts 1645.9 Advances in Recycling Photocatalysts: Assessing the Photocatalyst Life Cycle 1665.10 Summary, Future Challenges, and Prospects for Further Research 1676 Fundamentals and Functional Mechanisms of Electrocatalysis in Water Treatment 1896.1 Introduction 1896.2 Electrocatalysis Treatment 1906.3 Properties and Characteristics of Different Electrocatalysis Techniques 1926.4 Case Studies and Successful Approaches 2026.5 Conclusion 2177 Different Synthetic Routes of Electrocatalysts and Fabrication of Electrodes 2297.1 Introduction 2297.2 Fundamental Principles of Alkaline Water Oxidation 2307.3 Electrochemical Evaluating Parameters of Electrocatalysts for OER Performance 2317.4 Electrocoagulation 2337.5 Electroflotation 2337.6 Electrocoagulation/flotation 2337.7 Electro-oxidation in Wastewater Treatment 2337.8 Doped Diamond Electrodes 2347.9 Conclusion 2358 Electrocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants from Water 2418.1 Introduction 2418.2 Principles and Fundamental Aspects of Electrooxidation 2428.3 Electrode Materials and Cell Configuration 2448.4 Performance Assessment Indicators and Operating Variables 2508.5 Electrochemical Filtering Process: A Hybrid Process Based on Electrooxidation and Filtering 2538.6 Integration of Electrooxidation-based Processes in Water/Wastewater Treatment Technological Flow 2599 Electrocatalytic Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water 2759.1 Introduction 2759.2 Fundamentals 2779.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Electrocatalytic Approach 2839.4 Summary 28410 Combined Photoelectrocatalytic Techniques in Water Remediation 28910.1 Introduction 28910.2 Photoelectrocatalysts for Treatment of Water Contaminants 29210.3 Simultaneous Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants 30210.4 Conclusions and Perspective 304Index 311