Martin J. Ball is an honorary professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.

• Introduction: What Are Approximants? Martin J. BallPart I: General Aspects1. Articulatory Aspects of ApproximantsEleanor Lawson & James Scobbie2. Acoustic Aspects of Approximants Sherman Charles3. Perceptual Aspects of Approximants Grant McGuire4. Phonological Aspects of ApproximantsHarry van der Hulst & Jeroen van de Weijer5. Sociolinguistics Aspects of ApproximantsClaire Nance & Robert Lennon6. Approximant InventoriesIan Maddieson7. Transcription of Approximants Martin J. BallPart II: Approximants in Acquisition and in Atypical Speech8. Acquisition of Maltese Approximants Helen Grech9. Acquisition of Spanish ApproximantsJessica Barlow & Philip Combiths10. Acquisition of Laterals in Portuguese Marcia Keske-Soares & Marizete Ilha Ceron11. Acquisition of English Rhotic ApproximantsRachael Knight & Peter Flipsen12. Approximants in Clinical Populations Joseph Stemberger, Sarah Masso, & Joanne ClelandPart III: Approximants in specific languages and language groups13. From Half-Sounds to Approximants: The History of /l/ and /j/ in HungarianMária Gósy & Ruth Huntley Bahr14. The Greek Approximants Ioannis Papakyritsis15. Approximants in Italian Chiara Meluzzi16. Spanish Approximants Mauricio Figueroa & Brandon Rogers17. Approximants in the Celtic Languages Pavel Iosad18. The Perception of Dense Approximant Inventories in Hindi and MalayalamPhilip Howson & Irfana Madathodiyil19. Approximants in Tamil Hemalatha Nagarajan, Meena Debashish, & Nivedha Narayanaswamy20. The Liquids /ɹ/ and /l/ in Mandarin ChineseShuwen Chen, Zhiqiang Zhu & Peggy Mok21. Approximants in Australian Languages Brett Baker & Marija Tabain22. Approximants in Tupi-Guarani Languages Fernando de Carvalho23. Irish English /ɹ/ Nicola Bessell, Alice Lee and Aoife Hennessy24. Pharyngeals in Hebrew and ArabicAsher Laufer Part IV: Conclusion25. Is a Category Approximant Justified Phonetically and/or Phonologically?Eugenio Martínez Celdrán, Lourdes Romera Barrios, & Wendy Elvira-GarcíaAfterwordMartin J. BallIndex

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Martin J. Ball is an honorary professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.

• Introduction: What Are Approximants? Martin J. BallPart I: General Aspects1. Articulatory Aspects of ApproximantsEleanor Lawson & James Scobbie2. Acoustic Aspects of Approximants Sherman Charles3. Perceptual Aspects of Approximants Grant McGuire4. Phonological Aspects of ApproximantsHarry van der Hulst & Jeroen van de Weijer5. Sociolinguistics Aspects of ApproximantsClaire Nance & Robert Lennon6. Approximant InventoriesIan Maddieson7. Transcription of Approximants Martin J. BallPart II: Approximants in Acquisition and in Atypical Speech8. Acquisition of Maltese Approximants Helen Grech9. Acquisition of Spanish ApproximantsJessica Barlow & Philip Combiths10. Acquisition of Laterals in Portuguese Marcia Keske-Soares & Marizete Ilha Ceron11. Acquisition of English Rhotic ApproximantsRachael Knight & Peter Flipsen12. Approximants in Clinical Populations Joseph Stemberger, Sarah Masso, & Joanne ClelandPart III: Approximants in specific languages and language groups13. From Half-Sounds to Approximants: The History of /l/ and /j/ in HungarianMária Gósy & Ruth Huntley Bahr14. The Greek Approximants Ioannis Papakyritsis15. Approximants in Italian Chiara Meluzzi16. Spanish Approximants Mauricio Figueroa & Brandon Rogers17. Approximants in the Celtic Languages Pavel Iosad18. The Perception of Dense Approximant Inventories in Hindi and MalayalamPhilip Howson & Irfana Madathodiyil19. Approximants in Tamil Hemalatha Nagarajan, Meena Debashish, & Nivedha Narayanaswamy20. The Liquids /ɹ/ and /l/ in Mandarin ChineseShuwen Chen, Zhiqiang Zhu & Peggy Mok21. Approximants in Australian Languages Brett Baker & Marija Tabain22. Approximants in Tupi-Guarani Languages Fernando de Carvalho23. Irish English /ɹ/ Nicola Bessell, Alice Lee and Aoife Hennessy24. Pharyngeals in Hebrew and ArabicAsher Laufer Part IV: Conclusion25. Is a Category Approximant Justified Phonetically and/or Phonologically?Eugenio Martínez Celdrán, Lourdes Romera Barrios, & Wendy Elvira-GarcíaAfterwordMartin J. BallIndex

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Martin J. Ball is an honorary professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.

• Introduction: What Are Approximants? Martin J. BallPart I: General Aspects1. Articulatory Aspects of ApproximantsEleanor Lawson & James Scobbie2. Acoustic Aspects of Approximants Sherman Charles3. Perceptual Aspects of Approximants Grant McGuire4. Phonological Aspects of ApproximantsHarry van der Hulst & Jeroen van de Weijer5. Sociolinguistics Aspects of ApproximantsClaire Nance & Robert Lennon6. Approximant InventoriesIan Maddieson7. Transcription of Approximants Martin J. BallPart II: Approximants in Acquisition and in Atypical Speech8. Acquisition of Maltese Approximants Helen Grech9. Acquisition of Spanish ApproximantsJessica Barlow & Philip Combiths10. Acquisition of Laterals in Portuguese Marcia Keske-Soares & Marizete Ilha Ceron11. Acquisition of English Rhotic ApproximantsRachael Knight & Peter Flipsen12. Approximants in Clinical Populations Joseph Stemberger, Sarah Masso, & Joanne ClelandPart III: Approximants in specific languages and language groups13. From Half-Sounds to Approximants: The History of /l/ and /j/ in HungarianMária Gósy & Ruth Huntley Bahr14. The Greek Approximants Ioannis Papakyritsis15. Approximants in Italian Chiara Meluzzi16. Spanish Approximants Mauricio Figueroa & Brandon Rogers17. Approximants in the Celtic Languages Pavel Iosad18. The Perception of Dense Approximant Inventories in Hindi and MalayalamPhilip Howson & Irfana Madathodiyil19. Approximants in Tamil Hemalatha Nagarajan, Meena Debashish, & Nivedha Narayanaswamy20. The Liquids /ɹ/ and /l/ in Mandarin ChineseShuwen Chen, Zhiqiang Zhu & Peggy Mok21. Approximants in Australian Languages Brett Baker & Marija Tabain22. Approximants in Tupi-Guarani Languages Fernando de Carvalho23. Irish English /ɹ/ Nicola Bessell, Alice Lee and Aoife Hennessy24. Pharyngeals in Hebrew and ArabicAsher Laufer Part IV: Conclusion25. Is a Category Approximant Justified Phonetically and/or Phonologically?Eugenio Martínez Celdrán, Lourdes Romera Barrios, & Wendy Elvira-GarcíaAfterwordMartin J. BallIndex

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