P.R. Kumaraswamy is a professor of contemporary Middle East studies in Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India. From 1992-1999, he was a research fellow at the Harry S., Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, Jerusalem. Since joining JNU in September 1999, he has been researching, teaching, and writing on various aspects of the contemporary Middle East. Prof. Kumaraswamy has edited a number of volumes and published research articles in a number of refereed and non-refereed international journals and regularly contributes to Indian as well as international media outlets. In February 2010, he set up the virtual Middle East Institute, New Delhi and serves as its honorary director. He is the editor of Contemporary Review of the Middle East and the series editor of Persian Gulf: India’s Relations with the Region.Md. Muddassir Quamar is Associate Fellow in the Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses, New Delhi, India. He holds a Ph.D. in Middle East studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), India. His doctoral thesis examined social developments in Saudi Arabia between 1991 and 2010 within a conceptual framework of Islamic modernism. Dr. Quamar’s areas of interest include Politics and Societies in the Gulf, Middle East Strategic Affairs, and Political Islam. His research papers have appeared in leading international journals such as Contemporary Arab Affairs, Digest of Middle East Studies, Journal of Arabian Studies and Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies. Dr. Quamar was a visiting fellow in King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, Riyadh and serves as Associate Editor of Contemporary Review of the Middle East.

• Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Bahrain.- Chapter 3: Iran.- Chapter 4: Iraq.- Chapter 5: Kuwait.- Chapter 6: Oman.- Chapter 7: Qatar.- Chapter 8: Saudi Arabia.- Chapter 9: United Arab Emirates.- Chapter 10: Yemen.- Chapter 11: Gulf Cooperation Council.- Chapter 12: Policy Options.