Edited byManoj MongaMD, FACS, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USAAbhay RaneMS, FRCS(Urol), East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK

• Contributor List, viiPreface, xiiiAbout the Companion Website, xivSection 1: Introduction1 Percutaneous Renal Access: A Historical Perspective, 3Simpa S. Salami, Zeph Okeke, and Arthur D. Smith2 Interventional Imaging and Radiation Safety, 7Don C. Arnold II, Kirk M. Anderson, and D. Duane BaldwinSection 2: Percutaneous Management of Large Renal Calculi (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy)3 Epidemiology of Large Renal Stones and Utilization Patterns of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 23Stephen Faddegon and Margaret S. Pearle4 Evolution of Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 31Kirsten Foell and Kenneth T. Pace5 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 46Nader Fahmy and John Denstedt6 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Percutaneous Access, 59Naeem Bhojani and James E. Lingeman7 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Tract Dilation and Endoscopes, 64Michael J. Metcalfe, Ryan Paterson, and Ben Chew8 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Intracorporeal Lithotrites, 74Abhishek P. Patel and Bodo E. Knudsen9 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone, 84Mantu Gupta and Doh Yoon Cha10 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Supine, 95Arvind Ganpule, Amit Doshi, and Mahesh R. Desai11 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone-Flexed/Lateral, 106Kirsten Foell and R. John D’A. Honey12 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Endoscopic Guidance, 116Farhan Khan, Ross Moskowitz, Joseph Graversen, Michael Ordon, Ralph V. Clayman, and Jaime Landman13 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 126Gunnar Wendt-Nordahl and Thomas Knoll14 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Multiple Access, 134Jessica N. Lange, Patrick W. Mufarrij, and Dean G. Assimos15 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Tube or Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 143Andreas Neisius, Michael E. Lipkin, and Glenn M. Preminger16 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Postoperative Imaging Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 152Aditya Bagrodia and Margaret S. Pearle17 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Antegrade Ureteric Stenting, 161Ravi KulkarniSection 3: Percutaneous Management of Transitional Cell Cancer (Percutaneous Resection of Tumor)18 Epidemiology of Disease (Upper Tract Transitional Cell Cancer), 175Matthew R. Hotston, Sunil Mathur, and Francis X. Keeley19 Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, 182Eric R. Taylor and Marshall L. Stoller20 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 190Michael Conlin and Nicholas Tadros21 Percutaneous Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, 196Steve Dong, Matthew Dunn, and Mihir DesaiSection 4: Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Cell Cancer (Thermal and Nonthermal)22 Epidemiology and Biology of Small Renal Masses, 205Paul L. Crispen and Steven C. Campbell23 Evolution of Evidence-based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management, 215Matthew J. O’Shaughnessy, David A. Leavitt, and J. Kyle Anderson24 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 224Humberto Laydner and Jihad H. Kaouk25 Instrumentation and Technique: Cryotherapy, 229Achim Lusch, Jane Cho, Michael A. Liss, Joseph Graversen, and Jaime Landman26 Instrumentation and Technique: Hyperthermal Ablation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation, 237Arturo Castro Jr, Lawrence Jenkins, Obi Ekwenna, John Shields, Nelson Salas, and Raymond Leveillee27 Instrumentation and Technique: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, 253Robert W. Ritchie, Tom Leslie, David Cranston, and Mark Sullivan28 Instrumentation and Technique: Laser, 262Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Jason R. Bylund, and Stephen E. Strup29 Instrumentation and Technique: Irreversible Electroporation, 268Chad R. Tracy and Jeffrey A. Cadeddu30 Instrumentation and Techniques in Renal Radiosurgery, 276Matthew J. Maurice, Gino J. Vricella, and Lee E. Ponsky31 Instrumentation and Technique: Renal Histotripsy, 281William W. RobertsIndex, 290

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Edited byManoj MongaMD, FACS, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USAAbhay RaneMS, FRCS(Urol), East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK

• Contributor List, viiPreface, xiiiAbout the Companion Website, xivSection 1: Introduction1 Percutaneous Renal Access: A Historical Perspective, 3Simpa S. Salami, Zeph Okeke, and Arthur D. Smith2 Interventional Imaging and Radiation Safety, 7Don C. Arnold II, Kirk M. Anderson, and D. Duane BaldwinSection 2: Percutaneous Management of Large Renal Calculi (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy)3 Epidemiology of Large Renal Stones and Utilization Patterns of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 23Stephen Faddegon and Margaret S. Pearle4 Evolution of Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 31Kirsten Foell and Kenneth T. Pace5 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 46Nader Fahmy and John Denstedt6 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Percutaneous Access, 59Naeem Bhojani and James E. Lingeman7 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Tract Dilation and Endoscopes, 64Michael J. Metcalfe, Ryan Paterson, and Ben Chew8 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Intracorporeal Lithotrites, 74Abhishek P. Patel and Bodo E. Knudsen9 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone, 84Mantu Gupta and Doh Yoon Cha10 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Supine, 95Arvind Ganpule, Amit Doshi, and Mahesh R. Desai11 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone-Flexed/Lateral, 106Kirsten Foell and R. John D’A. Honey12 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Endoscopic Guidance, 116Farhan Khan, Ross Moskowitz, Joseph Graversen, Michael Ordon, Ralph V. Clayman, and Jaime Landman13 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 126Gunnar Wendt-Nordahl and Thomas Knoll14 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Multiple Access, 134Jessica N. Lange, Patrick W. Mufarrij, and Dean G. Assimos15 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Tube or Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 143Andreas Neisius, Michael E. Lipkin, and Glenn M. Preminger16 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Postoperative Imaging Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 152Aditya Bagrodia and Margaret S. Pearle17 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Antegrade Ureteric Stenting, 161Ravi KulkarniSection 3: Percutaneous Management of Transitional Cell Cancer (Percutaneous Resection of Tumor)18 Epidemiology of Disease (Upper Tract Transitional Cell Cancer), 175Matthew R. Hotston, Sunil Mathur, and Francis X. Keeley19 Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, 182Eric R. Taylor and Marshall L. Stoller20 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 190Michael Conlin and Nicholas Tadros21 Percutaneous Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, 196Steve Dong, Matthew Dunn, and Mihir DesaiSection 4: Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Cell Cancer (Thermal and Nonthermal)22 Epidemiology and Biology of Small Renal Masses, 205Paul L. Crispen and Steven C. Campbell23 Evolution of Evidence-based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management, 215Matthew J. O’Shaughnessy, David A. Leavitt, and J. Kyle Anderson24 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 224Humberto Laydner and Jihad H. Kaouk25 Instrumentation and Technique: Cryotherapy, 229Achim Lusch, Jane Cho, Michael A. Liss, Joseph Graversen, and Jaime Landman26 Instrumentation and Technique: Hyperthermal Ablation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation, 237Arturo Castro Jr, Lawrence Jenkins, Obi Ekwenna, John Shields, Nelson Salas, and Raymond Leveillee27 Instrumentation and Technique: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, 253Robert W. Ritchie, Tom Leslie, David Cranston, and Mark Sullivan28 Instrumentation and Technique: Laser, 262Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Jason R. Bylund, and Stephen E. Strup29 Instrumentation and Technique: Irreversible Electroporation, 268Chad R. Tracy and Jeffrey A. Cadeddu30 Instrumentation and Techniques in Renal Radiosurgery, 276Matthew J. Maurice, Gino J. Vricella, and Lee E. Ponsky31 Instrumentation and Technique: Renal Histotripsy, 281William W. RobertsIndex, 290

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Edited byManoj MongaMD, FACS, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USAAbhay RaneMS, FRCS(Urol), East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK

• Contributor List, viiPreface, xiiiAbout the Companion Website, xivSection 1: Introduction1 Percutaneous Renal Access: A Historical Perspective, 3Simpa S. Salami, Zeph Okeke, and Arthur D. Smith2 Interventional Imaging and Radiation Safety, 7Don C. Arnold II, Kirk M. Anderson, and D. Duane BaldwinSection 2: Percutaneous Management of Large Renal Calculi (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy)3 Epidemiology of Large Renal Stones and Utilization Patterns of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 23Stephen Faddegon and Margaret S. Pearle4 Evolution of Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 31Kirsten Foell and Kenneth T. Pace5 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 46Nader Fahmy and John Denstedt6 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Percutaneous Access, 59Naeem Bhojani and James E. Lingeman7 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Tract Dilation and Endoscopes, 64Michael J. Metcalfe, Ryan Paterson, and Ben Chew8 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Intracorporeal Lithotrites, 74Abhishek P. Patel and Bodo E. Knudsen9 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone, 84Mantu Gupta and Doh Yoon Cha10 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Supine, 95Arvind Ganpule, Amit Doshi, and Mahesh R. Desai11 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone-Flexed/Lateral, 106Kirsten Foell and R. John D’A. Honey12 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Endoscopic Guidance, 116Farhan Khan, Ross Moskowitz, Joseph Graversen, Michael Ordon, Ralph V. Clayman, and Jaime Landman13 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 126Gunnar Wendt-Nordahl and Thomas Knoll14 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Multiple Access, 134Jessica N. Lange, Patrick W. Mufarrij, and Dean G. Assimos15 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Tube or Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 143Andreas Neisius, Michael E. Lipkin, and Glenn M. Preminger16 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Postoperative Imaging Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 152Aditya Bagrodia and Margaret S. Pearle17 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Antegrade Ureteric Stenting, 161Ravi KulkarniSection 3: Percutaneous Management of Transitional Cell Cancer (Percutaneous Resection of Tumor)18 Epidemiology of Disease (Upper Tract Transitional Cell Cancer), 175Matthew R. Hotston, Sunil Mathur, and Francis X. Keeley19 Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, 182Eric R. Taylor and Marshall L. Stoller20 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 190Michael Conlin and Nicholas Tadros21 Percutaneous Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, 196Steve Dong, Matthew Dunn, and Mihir DesaiSection 4: Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Cell Cancer (Thermal and Nonthermal)22 Epidemiology and Biology of Small Renal Masses, 205Paul L. Crispen and Steven C. Campbell23 Evolution of Evidence-based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management, 215Matthew J. O’Shaughnessy, David A. Leavitt, and J. Kyle Anderson24 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 224Humberto Laydner and Jihad H. Kaouk25 Instrumentation and Technique: Cryotherapy, 229Achim Lusch, Jane Cho, Michael A. Liss, Joseph Graversen, and Jaime Landman26 Instrumentation and Technique: Hyperthermal Ablation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation, 237Arturo Castro Jr, Lawrence Jenkins, Obi Ekwenna, John Shields, Nelson Salas, and Raymond Leveillee27 Instrumentation and Technique: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, 253Robert W. Ritchie, Tom Leslie, David Cranston, and Mark Sullivan28 Instrumentation and Technique: Laser, 262Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Jason R. Bylund, and Stephen E. Strup29 Instrumentation and Technique: Irreversible Electroporation, 268Chad R. Tracy and Jeffrey A. Cadeddu30 Instrumentation and Techniques in Renal Radiosurgery, 276Matthew J. Maurice, Gino J. Vricella, and Lee E. Ponsky31 Instrumentation and Technique: Renal Histotripsy, 281William W. RobertsIndex, 290

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