Peptide Materials

Carlos Aleman, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, SpainAlberto Bianco, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, FranceMariano Venanzi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy

• Preface xiii List of Contributors xviiPart I Fundamentals of Peptide Materials 11 Physics of Peptide Nanostructures and Their Nanotechnology Applications 3Nadav Amdursky, Peter Beker and Gil Rosenman1.1 Introduction to Peptide Nanotubes 41.2 Optical Properties and Quantum Confinement of FF-based Nanostructures 81.3 Odd-Tensor Related Physical Properties 131.4 Thermal Induced Phase Transition in Peptide Nanotubes 171.5 Deposition Techniques of PNT 221.6 Applications of PNTs 291.7 Conclusion 32References 332 Chemistry of Peptide Materials: Synthetic Aspects and 3D Structural Studies 39Fernando Formaggio, Alessandro Moretto, Marco Crisma and Claudio Toniolo2.1 Introduction 402.2 Synthesis of Difficult Peptide Sequences 402.3 Peptide (Amide) Bond 432.4 Peptide Torsion Angles 442.5 Peptide Secondary Structures 46References 583 Conformational Aspects and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Peptide Hybrid Materials: From Methods and Concepts to Applications 65Carlos Alemán, Oscar Bertran, Jordi Casanovas, Juan Torras, Guillermo Revilla-López and David Zanuy3.1 Computational Chemistry 663.2 Quantum Mechanical Calculations: Concepts 673.3 Quantum Mechanical Calculations on Hybrid Peptide Materials: Some Examples 723.4 NCAD: An Information Management System of Quantum Mechanical Calculations on Noncoded Amino Acids for Peptide Design 743.5 Molecular Mechanics Calculations: Concepts 773.6 Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Peptides 853.7 Summary 97Acknowledgements 97References 984 Peptronics: Peptide Materials for Electron Transfer 105Emanuela Gatto and Mariano Venanzi4.1 Introduction 1064.2 Electron Transfer through Peptide Scaffolds in Solution 1074.3 Electron Transfer through Supported Peptide Matrices 1214.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 143Acknowledgements 143References 144Part II Peptide Nanostructures 1495 Molecular Architecture with Peptide Assembling for Nanomaterials 151Shunsaku Kimura and Motoki Ueda5.1 Introduction 1515.2 Peptide Vesicles 1525.3 Peptide Building Blocks 1575.4 Peptide Architecture 1595.5 Function of Peptide Assemblies 1615.6 Tumor Imaging with Peptide Nanocarrier 1635.7 Perspectives 167References 1686 Principles of Shape-Driven Nanostructure Design via Self-Assembly of Protein Building Blocks 171Idit Buch, Chung-Jung Tsai, Carlos Alemán and Ruth Nussinov6.1 Introduction 1726.2 Self-Assembly into Preferred Shapes 1726.3 Designing Protein Nanotubes 1806.4 Summary and Outlook 185Acknowledgements 186References 1867 Peptide-Based Soft Spherical Structures 191K. Vijaya Krishna, Nidhi Gour and Sandeep Verma7.1 Introduction 1917.2 Short Peptide Sequences 1927.3 Amphiphilic Peptides 2007.4 Peptide–Polymer Hybrids 2057.5 Future Outlook 209References 211Part III Peptide Conjugates and Hybrid Materials 2178 Peptide-Based Carbon Nanotube Dispersal Agents 219Anton S. Klimenko and Gregg R. Dieckmann8.1 Introduction 2208.2 α-Helical Surfactant Peptides 2228.3 β-Strand Surfactant-Like Peptides 2298.4 Extended Peptides 2318.5 Amorphous Peptides 2338.6 Cyclic Peptides 2348.7 Summary and Outlook 237Acknowledgements 239References 2399 Nanosized Vectors for Transfection Assembled from Peptides and Nucleic Acids 247Burkhard Bechinger9.1 Introduction 2489.2 Condensation of Nucleic Acids by Cationic Peptides and Other Macromolecules 2509.3 The Size and Shape of Transfection Complexes 2519.4 Cellular Targeting by Specific Ligands 2529.5 Enhancing the Cellular Uptake of Nanocomplexes 2529.6 Assuring Endosomal Escape 2539.7 A Family of Multifunctional Peptide Sequences 2559.8 Delivery to the Nucleus and Other Intracellular Compartments 2579.9 Combining Different Functionalities into Complex Nanovectors 257Acknowledgements 259References 25910 Properties of Disubstituted Ferrocene–Peptide Conjugates: Design and Applications 265Sanela Martiæ, Samaneh Beheshti and Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz10.1 Introduction 26610.2 Structural Considerations and Properties 26610.3 Fc–Peptides to Probe Interactions 27410.4 Conclusions 283References 28411 Mechanisms of Adsorption of Short Peptides on Metal and Oxide Surfaces 289Vincent Humblot, Jessem Landoulsi and Claire-Marie Pradier11.1 Introduction 29011.2 Why Studying the Interaction of Short Peptides with Solid Surfaces? 29111.3 Metal and Oxide Surfaces 29211.4 Factors Influencing Peptide Adsorption 29311.5 Adsorption at the Solid/Gas interface 29511.6 Adsorption at the Solid/Liquid Interface 30311.7 Conclusions and Guidelines for the Future 307References 308Part IV Applications of Peptide Materials 31312 Bioactive Rosette Nanotubes for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery 315Rachel L. Beingessner, Alaaeddin Alsbaiee, Baljit Singh, Thomas J. Webster and Hicham Fenniri12.1 Introduction 31612.2 Rosette Nanotubes (RNTs) 31712.3 Applications of RNTs in Bone Tissue Engineering 32812.4 RNTs for Drug Delivery 34012.5 Conclusions 349References 35013 Peptide Secondary Structures as Molecular Switches 359Fernando Formaggio, Alessandro Moretto, Marco Crisma and Claudio Toniolo13.1 Introduction 36013.2 Classical Secondary Structures Switches 36013.3 Recently Discovered Secondary Structure Switches 36513.4 Conclusions 376References 37814 Peptide Nanostructured Conjugates for Therapeutics: The Example of P140 Peptide for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 385Yves Frère, Louis Danicher and Sylviane Muller14.1 Introduction 38614.2 Noninvasive Routes of Peptide Administration 38714.3 Encapsulation of Peptides and Proteins for Oral Delivery 39014.4 P140 Peptide Nanostructured Complex for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 39914.5 General Comments 412Acknowledgements 412References 41215 Identification and Application of Polymer-Binding Peptides 417Toshiki Sawada and Takeshi Serizawa15.1 Introduction 41715.2 Biological Identification of Material-Binding Peptides 41915.3 Recognition of Polymer Stereoregularity by Peptides 42115.4 Recognition of Other Polymer Nanostructures by Peptides 42415.5 Applications of Polymer-Binding Peptides 42615.6 Summary 428References 428Index 435