Patterns of Violence Behind the Lines in Europe’s Civil Wars

Francisco J. Leira-Castiñeira is Ramon y Cajal Fellow at the Institute for Policy and Governance of the Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain.John Sakkas is Professor of Modern History at the University of the Aegean, Greece.

• 1. Introduction: Patterns of Violence Behind the Lines in Europe’s Civil Wars.- Part I. Logics of Rearguard Violence.- 2. Introduction - The Other Twenty Years’ Crisis: Europe’s Civil Wars.- 3. Civil War in Russia: Violence and People.- 4. The Finnish Civil War: The Road to Political Violence, 1918.- 5. The Irish Civil War in Comparative Perspective.- 6. Logics of Repressive Violence behind the Lines in the Spanish Civil War (and its Aftermath).- 7. Collaborators vs. Resistance Fighters: The Spiral of Violence in France during the Occupation,1940-1944.- 8. The Move from Words to Deeds: The Logic of Violence against Inner Enemies and Civilians in the Italian Civil War, 1943-1945.- 9. Violence in the Greek Civil War, 1943-1949.- 10. The Courses, Causes, and Consequences of Chetnik Violence: Yugoslavia, 1941-1945.- Part II. Women in War. Victims, Militias and Perpetrators.- 11. Introduction - Women in Wars.- 12. Gender, Violence, and the Russian Civil War in Contemporary Russian Memory.- 13. A Woman as an Enemy: The Finnish Civil War, Gender Roles, and Violence.- 14. “Violence and Indiscipline”? The Treatment of Militant Anti-Treaty Women by the National Army during the Irish Civil War, 1922-1923.- 15. The Enemy’s Women or Women Enemies? Violence against Women during the Spanish Civil War.- 16. Civil War as Fratricidal Conflict? Re-examining the Case of Violence against Women in Liberation France.- 17. Women and Violence: Victims and Perpetrators during the Italian Civil War, 1943-1945.- 18. Women at the Symplegades of the Greek Civil War.- 19. Partisans vs. Chetniks: Gender Policies, Combat and Violence in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945.