Pathway Design for Industrial Fermentation

Walter Koch, PhD, is Director of Biochemical Technology at BASF. He is responsible for the technology evaluation and benchmarking of potential fermentation products suitable as drop-ins or precursors for chemical value chains. His work is focused on cost structure referring to the technology potential and carbon footprint of petrochemicals and fermentation products.

• Preface xviiIntroduction xix1 Methane 11.1 Application 11.2 Conventional Production of Methane 11.3 Carbon Dioxide as Feedstock 21.4 Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Methane 41.5 Biochemical Pathway Design 61.6 Integration of Hydrogen Production and the Biochemical Methanation 81.7 Process Development for the "Biochemical Sabatier" without Integrated Water Electrolysis 131.8 Commercial Application of Fermentative Methane Production 142 Ethanol Ex Glucose 202.1 Application 202.2 Production of Ethanol 212.3 Pathway Design 212.4 Process Development 292.5 Alternative Raw Material Source 322.6 Industrial Production and Capacity 383 Acetate and Ethanol Ex CO/H2 493.1 The Wood-Ljungdahl Pathway 493.2 Formation of Acetate in A. woodii Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen 553.3 Formation of Acetate in A. woodii Based on Carbon Monoxide 563.4 Formation of Ethanol in A. woodii Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen without AOR 583.5 Formation of Ethanol in A. woodii Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen with AOR 603.6 Formation of Ethanol in C. woodii Based on Carbon Monoxide 623.7 Formation of Acetate in C. autoethanogenum Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen 633.8 Formation of Ethanol in C. autoethanogenum Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen 633.9 Industrial Fermentation and Capacity 694 Lactic Acid 744.1 Application 744.2 Chemical Synthesis of Lactic Acid 754.3 Pathway Design 764.4 Process Development 824.5 Evaluation of Alternative Feedstocks 874.6 Production Cost and Market Price 914.7 Industrial Application and Capacity 915 Alanine 975.1 Application 975.2 Chemical Production of L-alanine 975.3 Pathway Design 985.4 Metabolic Engineering 1015.5 Industrial Production and Application 1056 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid 1096.1 Application 1096.2 Chemical Synthesis 1106.3 Pathway Design 1116.4 Industrial Application 1167 1,3-Propanediol 1197.1 Application 1197.2 Alternative Production of 1,3-Propanediol 1197.3 Pathway Design Toward 1,3-Propanediol 1207.4 Metabolic Engineering 1287.5 Process Development 1327.6 Industrial Application and Capacity 1338 Butanol 1378.1 Application 1378.2 Conventional Production of Butanol 1388.3 Pathway Design Based on Glucose 1418.4 Pathway Design Based on Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen 1468.5 Process Development for Fermentative Butanol 1518.6 Alternative Raw Material Sources 1608.7 Industrial Application 1619 Isobutanol 1709.1 Application 1709.2 Conventional Synthesis of Isobutanol 1719.3 Metabolic Engineering 1729.4 Process Development 1829.5 Industrial Application 18710 Isobutene 19110.1 Application 19110.2 Conventional Synthesis 19110.3 Pathway Design Toward Isobutene 19210.4 Carbon Yield and Carbon Footprint 20210.5 Industrial Fermentation and Capacity 20211 1,4-Butanediol 20611.1 Application 20611.2 Conventional Synthesis of 1,4-Butanediol 20711.3 Pathway Design 20811.4 Process Design for Fermentative 1,4-Butanediol Based on Glucose 21311.5 1,4-Butanediol Derived by Chemical Hydrogenation of Succinic Acid 21511.6 Alternative Carbon and Energy Source for Fermentation 21611.7 Industrial Application and Capacity 21812 Succinic Acid 22212.1 Application 22212.2 Conventional Synthesis of Succinic Acid 22312.3 Pathway Design and Metabolic Engineering 22412.4 Production Host 23612.5 Reactor Concepts 23912.6 Downstream Processing 23912.7 Industrial Capacity and Performance 24113 Itaconic Acid 24813.1 Application 24813.2 Metabolic Engineering 24813.3 Process Design 25113.4 Industrial Application and Capacity 25514 Glutamic Acid 25814.1 Application 25814.2 Native Biochemical Pathway 25914.3 Metabolic Engineering 26314.4 Process Development and Industrial Application 26415 Isoprene 26915.1 Application 26915.2 Chemical Synthesis 26915.3 Pathway Design 27015.4 Metabolic Engineering Toward Isoprene 28015.5 Metabolic Engineering Toward Mevalonate 28615.6 Downstream Processing 29215.7 Industrial Application and Capacity 29216 Pentamethylenediamine 29716.1 Application 29716.2 Chemical Synthesis 29816.3 Pathway Design 29816.4 Metabolic Engineering 30516.5 Downstream Processing 31316.6 Industrial Application 31317 Lysine 31917.1 Application 31917.2 Chemical Production 32017.3 Metabolic Pathway via DAP and Metabolic Engineering 32017.4 Metabolic Pathway via α-Aminoadipate in Fungi 32917.5 Secretion of Lysine 33017.6 Process Development 33017.7 Industrial Application 33318 Citric Acid 33918.1 Application 33918.2 Chemical Production and Natural Extraction 33918.3 Biochemical Pathway 34018.4 Process Development 34318.5 Industrial Production 34719 Adipic Acid 35019.1 Application 35019.2 Chemical Production of Adipic Acid 35019.3 Metabolic Engineering for Fermentation 35119.4 Digression: Metabolic Engineering for C6+ Diacids 36119.5 Process Development 36319.6 Industrial Application and Capacity 36420 Hexamethylenediamine 36820.1 Application 36820.2 Chemical Production of HMD 36920.3 Metabolic Engineering for Fermentation Technology 37020.4 Biocatalytic Routes Towards HMD 37820.5 Process Design 38020.6 Commercial Application 38221 Caprolactam and 6-Aminocaproic Acid 38621.1 Application 38621.2 Chemical Production of CPL 38621.3 Metabolic Engineering for Fermentation Technology via Adipyl-CoA 38721.4 Industrial Application 39322 Anthranilic Acid and Aniline 39722.1 Application 39722.2 Pathway Design 39922.3 Metabolic Engineering for Anthranilate as Fermentation Product 40322.4 Derivatives of Anthranilate as Fermentation Product 40722.5 Alternative Fermentation Precursors for Aniline 40922.6 Process Development with Focus on Product Isolation 41122.7 Industrial Fermentation 41423 Farnesene 41823.1 Application 41823.2 Chemical Production 42023.3 Biochemical Pathway 42023.4 Metabolic Engineering 42823.5 Process Design with Second Liquid Phase 43423.6 Industrial Application 437References 439Index 445