Pastoral Epistles Through the Centuries

Jay Twomey is an Associate Professor in the Department of English at the University of Cincinnati. He specializes in the reception of the Bible, and particularly Paul, in literary, cultural, and political contexts.

• Series Editors’ Preface ixAcknowledgments xiIntroduction 1Historical Overview 1The Interpretations 4Areas of Interpretive Interest 8The Commentary 141 1 Timothy 1 16The Salutation (1:1–2; 2 Tim. 1–2; Titus 1:1–4) 17The Opponents: Speculators (1:3–7; 4:1–5, 7; Titus 3:9) 19The Opponents: On the Law (1:8–11) 23“Paul” (1:12–17; Titus 3:3–4) 25The Opponents: Excommunication (1:18–20; 2 Tim. 2:17; 4:14–15) 272 1 Timothy 2 32The Church: Politics (2:1–2; Titus 3:1) 33Theological Speculation: Christ as Mediator (2:4–6) 36Women: Silence in the Church (2:8–14) 393 1 Timothy 3 49The Church: Bishops and Deacons (3:1–13; 5:1, 17; Titus 1:5–9) 49Theological Speculation: The Mystery (3:14–16) 594 1 Timothy 4 64The Opponents: End Times (4:1–10; 2 Tim. 3:1) 655 1 Timothy 5 73Women: Widows (5:1–10) 74The Church: Elders (5:17–22; Titus 1:5) 83Timothy (5:23–25) 866 1 Timothy 6 89The Church: Slaves (6:1–2; Titus 2:9) 90The Church: Wealthy Christians (6:6–10, 17–19) 95Theological Speculation: God’s Dwelling and Being (6:12–16; 1 Tim. 1:17) 104The Opponents: Dissent (6:2b–5, 20, 2 Timothy: 12, 14) 1107 2 Timothy 1 114The Thanksgiving (1:3–7) 115Timothy: Ordination (1:6–8; 1 Tim. 1:18, 4:14–15) 117Theological Speculation: God’s Plan (1:9–10; 4:1, 8; 1 Tim. 6:14; Titus 1:2; 3:4–5) 120“Paul” (1:13–18; 4:11, 19) 1258 2 Timothy 2 129The Church: Pauline Succession (2:1–2) 129The Church: Christian Soldiers (2:3–7) 132“Paul”: The Gospel (2:8–10) 138Theological Speculation: Divine Consistency (2:11–13; Titus 1:2) 139The Opponents (2:14–18) 145The Church: A Large House (2:19–26) 1479 2 Timothy 3 153The Opponents: Home Breakers (3:1–9) 154“Paul”: Suffering (3:10–13) 158The Church: Scripture (2:14–17) 16010 2 Timothy 4 168The Opponents: Entertaining Teachers (4:1–4) 168“Paul”: The Good Fighter (4:6–8; cf. 1 Tim. 1:18; 6:12; 2 Tim. 2:5) 175Conclusion and Greetings (4:9–22) 18411 Titus 1 189The Salutation (1:1–4; 2 Tim. 1:9) 190The Opponents: Cretan Liars (1:9–16) 19112 Titus 2 203The Church: A Household Code (2:2–10) 203Theological Speculation: Christ the God (2:11–14) 20613 Titus 3 213The Church: Baptism (3:1–11) 214The Opponents: And Also Some Friends (3:10–11, 13) 218Conclusion 226Brief Biographies 230Bibliography 236Index of Biblical References 252General Index 256