MONICA MACAULAY received her PhD in Linguistics from the University of California–Berkeley. She is a Professor of Linguistics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and President of the Endangered Language Fund, a nonprofit organization that funds language revitalization and preservation projects around the world. She also works closely with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin on language preservation and revitalization.MARGARET NOODIN received an MFA in Creative Writing and a PhD in English and Linguistics from the University of Minnesota. She is an Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee where she also serves as the Director of the Electa Quinney Institute and teaches Anishinaabemowin. She is also cocreator of www.ojibwe.net and has published a bilingual edition of poetry in Anishinaabemowin and English.

• Contents Preface Algonquian Verb Paradigms: A Case for Systematicity and Consistency - Antti Arppe, Chris Harvey, Marie-Odile Junker, and J. Randolph Valentine Historical Concepts and Perceptions of Snakes in Western Algonquian Bows - Roland Bohr She Beads like a Cocom but Designs like a Young Person: An Exploration of Beading as Anishnaabe Epistemology - Chuck Bourgeois Root Syntax: Evidence from Algonquian - Rose-Marie Déchaine and Natalie Weber Blackfoot and Core Algonquian Inflectional Morphology: Archaisms and Innovations - Ives Goddard On Ordering and Reordering Arguments - Michael David Hamilton Toward a Detailed Plains Cree VAI Paradigm - Atticus G. Harrigan, Antti Arppe, and Arok Wolvengrey The Role of Final Morphemes in Blackfoot: Marking Aspector Sentience? - Kyumin Kim Subjects, Animacy, and Agreement in Mi’gmaq Transitive Verbs - Carol-Rose Little Nominal TAM and the Preterit in Potawatomi - Hunter Thompson Lockwood Noun Categorization in Ojibwe: Animacy Is Gender and Gender Is Separate from the Count/Mass Distinction - Cherry Meyer Vowel-Consonant Coalescence in Blackfoot - Mizuki Miyashita Blackfoot Sibling Terms: Representing Culturally Specific Meanings in a Blackfoot-English Bilingual Dictionary - Madoka Mizumoto and Inge Genee Lexicographical Dilemmas from the Perspective of Bezhik ENshinaabemat - Mary Ann Naokwegijig-Corbiere Baraga’s Jesus o Bimadisiwin - Richard A. Rhodes Expressing Comparison in Cheyenne - Todd Snider and Sarah E. Murray An Overview of Change of State Lexicalization Patterns in Innu - Fanny York Contributors

MONICA MACAULAY received her PhD in Linguistics from the University of California–Berkeley. She is a Professor of Linguistics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and President of the Endangered Language Fund, a nonprofit organization that funds language revitalization and preservation projects around the world. She also works closely with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin on language preservation and revitalization.MARGARET NOODIN received an MFA in Creative Writing and a PhD in English and Linguistics from the University of Minnesota. She is an Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee where she also serves as the Director of the Electa Quinney Institute and teaches Anishinaabemowin. She is also cocreator of www.ojibwe.net and has published a bilingual edition of poetry in Anishinaabemowin and English.

• Contents Preface Algonquian Verb Paradigms: A Case for Systematicity and Consistency - Antti Arppe, Chris Harvey, Marie-Odile Junker, and J. Randolph Valentine Historical Concepts and Perceptions of Snakes in Western Algonquian Bows - Roland Bohr She Beads like a Cocom but Designs like a Young Person: An Exploration of Beading as Anishnaabe Epistemology - Chuck Bourgeois Root Syntax: Evidence from Algonquian - Rose-Marie Déchaine and Natalie Weber Blackfoot and Core Algonquian Inflectional Morphology: Archaisms and Innovations - Ives Goddard On Ordering and Reordering Arguments - Michael David Hamilton Toward a Detailed Plains Cree VAI Paradigm - Atticus G. Harrigan, Antti Arppe, and Arok Wolvengrey The Role of Final Morphemes in Blackfoot: Marking Aspector Sentience? - Kyumin Kim Subjects, Animacy, and Agreement in Mi’gmaq Transitive Verbs - Carol-Rose Little Nominal TAM and the Preterit in Potawatomi - Hunter Thompson Lockwood Noun Categorization in Ojibwe: Animacy Is Gender and Gender Is Separate from the Count/Mass Distinction - Cherry Meyer Vowel-Consonant Coalescence in Blackfoot - Mizuki Miyashita Blackfoot Sibling Terms: Representing Culturally Specific Meanings in a Blackfoot-English Bilingual Dictionary - Madoka Mizumoto and Inge Genee Lexicographical Dilemmas from the Perspective of Bezhik ENshinaabemat - Mary Ann Naokwegijig-Corbiere Baraga’s Jesus o Bimadisiwin - Richard A. Rhodes Expressing Comparison in Cheyenne - Todd Snider and Sarah E. Murray An Overview of Change of State Lexicalization Patterns in Innu - Fanny York Contributors

MONICA MACAULAY received her PhD in Linguistics from the University of California–Berkeley. She is a Professor of Linguistics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and President of the Endangered Language Fund, a nonprofit organization that funds language revitalization and preservation projects around the world. She also works closely with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin on language preservation and revitalization.MARGARET NOODIN received an MFA in Creative Writing and a PhD in English and Linguistics from the University of Minnesota. She is an Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee where she also serves as the Director of the Electa Quinney Institute and teaches Anishinaabemowin. She is also cocreator of www.ojibwe.net and has published a bilingual edition of poetry in Anishinaabemowin and English.

• Contents Preface Algonquian Verb Paradigms: A Case for Systematicity and Consistency - Antti Arppe, Chris Harvey, Marie-Odile Junker, and J. Randolph Valentine Historical Concepts and Perceptions of Snakes in Western Algonquian Bows - Roland Bohr She Beads like a Cocom but Designs like a Young Person: An Exploration of Beading as Anishnaabe Epistemology - Chuck Bourgeois Root Syntax: Evidence from Algonquian - Rose-Marie Déchaine and Natalie Weber Blackfoot and Core Algonquian Inflectional Morphology: Archaisms and Innovations - Ives Goddard On Ordering and Reordering Arguments - Michael David Hamilton Toward a Detailed Plains Cree VAI Paradigm - Atticus G. Harrigan, Antti Arppe, and Arok Wolvengrey The Role of Final Morphemes in Blackfoot: Marking Aspector Sentience? - Kyumin Kim Subjects, Animacy, and Agreement in Mi’gmaq Transitive Verbs - Carol-Rose Little Nominal TAM and the Preterit in Potawatomi - Hunter Thompson Lockwood Noun Categorization in Ojibwe: Animacy Is Gender and Gender Is Separate from the Count/Mass Distinction - Cherry Meyer Vowel-Consonant Coalescence in Blackfoot - Mizuki Miyashita Blackfoot Sibling Terms: Representing Culturally Specific Meanings in a Blackfoot-English Bilingual Dictionary - Madoka Mizumoto and Inge Genee Lexicographical Dilemmas from the Perspective of Bezhik ENshinaabemat - Mary Ann Naokwegijig-Corbiere Baraga’s Jesus o Bimadisiwin - Richard A. Rhodes Expressing Comparison in Cheyenne - Todd Snider and Sarah E. Murray An Overview of Change of State Lexicalization Patterns in Innu - Fanny York Contributors