Panorama, A World History

Ross Dunn is Professor Emeritus of History at San Diego State University, USA, where he taught African, Islamic, and world history. He was the first elected president of the World History Association, and he is a recipient of its Pioneers of World History award.Urmi Engineer Willoughby is an Associate Professor of History at Pitzer College, USA. Her research focuses on histories of disease and medicine from a global and ecological perspective. Her first book, Yellow Fever, Race, and Ecology in Nineteenth-Century New Orleans (2017) was awarded the 2017 Williams Prize for the best book in Louisiana history.

• List of MapsTour of the bookOnline resourcesAbout the AuthorsAn Interview with the Authors AcknowledgementsPART 1 - THE GREAT WORLD CONVERGENCE 1450–17501. Oceans Crossed, Worlds Connected 1450–1550On the Eve of the Great World ConvergenceChanges in the Afroeurasian Trade NetworkEuropeans Looking EastThe Eastern Atlantic RimStates in the Americas The Birth of the Atlantic WorldChanging Maritime TechnologyEuropeans and Tropical Africans: Early EncountersCrossing and Connecting OceansAmerican CatastrophesIndigenous American Death and the Columbian ExchangeThe End of the Aztec EmpireAssault on the Inca EmpireThe Portuguese Claim to BrazilNew Power Relations in the Southern SeasTo Capture the Spice TradeThe Trans-Pacific LinkIndividuals Matter: Doña Marina: Translator, Diplomat, and SlaveWeighing the Evidence: Martin Behaim’s Fifteenth-Century GlobeGlobal and Comparative Themes: Consequences of the Great World Convergence2. Afroeurasia and Its Powerful States 1500–1600States on the Rise in the Sixteenth CenturyThe Ottoman Empire’s Dramatic GrowthThe Safavid Empire of PersiaMughal Power in South Asia Russia: From Principality to EmpireThe Tokugawa in JapanStrong Monarchies in Southeast AsiaThe European StatesThe Songhay EmpireFirearms and State PowerNew and Deadly ArmiesThe Military RevolutionThe Limits of Central PowerTrends in Religion, Language, and CultureIntellectual and Moral Ferment in ChinaTension between Sunni and Shi’a MuslimsReligious Crisis in EuropeVernacular and Prestigious LanguagesIndividuals Matter: Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi: A Sixteenth-Century BusinesswomanWeighing the Evidence: A European Ambassador Compares ArmiesGlobal and Comparative Themes: The rise and fall of languages across time3. The Expanding Global Economy: Expectations and Inequalities 1550–1700Three Major Global DevelopmentsThe Worldwide Network Takes ShapeThe Continuing Columbian ExchangeClimate Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth CenturiesAfroeurasia and the Expanding World EconomyWestern Europe’s Economic ThrustCenturies of Silver in East AsiaAsians and Europeans in the Southern SeasThe Atlantic Economy: Land, Capital, and Slave LaborThe Atlantic Economy and African SlaveryChange in Atlantic AfricaIndividuals Matter: Louis De Geer: A Capitalist Success StoryWeighing the Evidence: Servants and Slaves on a Barbados Sugar PlantationGlobal and Comparative Themes: How much power did Europeans exercise in the world in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?4. The Changing Balance of Wealth and Power 1600–1750Empires and Big StatesChinese Prosperity and ImperialismRussia from the Baltic to the PacificThe Spanish Empire in AmericaEurope: The Aims and Limits of AbsolutismEncounters between Indigenous Peoples and European SettlersEuropean Settlers AbroadIndians and Europeans in the North American WoodlandsRussians and SiberiansEuropeans and Khoisan in South AfricaAlternative Visions of God, Nature, and the UniverseScientific AdvancesThe Enlightenment: Rethinking Human Nature and SocietyThe Continuing Growth of Islam and ChristianityIndividuals Matter: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita: Visionary Christian of the KongoWeighing the Evidence: The Journal of a Dutch Commander at the Cape of Good HopeGlobal and Comparative Themes: Types of colonial societiesPART 2 - THE MODERN WORLD TAKES SHAPE 1750–19145. Waves of Revolution 1720-1830World Economy and Politics, 1720–1763A Commercializing WorldTroubled Empires in AsiaGlobal Trade and the Eighteenth-Century “World War”Revolutions around the North Atlantic RimThe Global Context of Popular RevoltThe War of Independence in British North AmericaThe French RevolutionThe Birth of HaitiThe Second Wave: Revolutions in Latin AmericaColonial Society on the Eve of RebellionThe Wars of IndependenceMany Young StatesIndividuals Matter: José de San Martin: Liberator of the Southern AndesWeighing the Evidence: Toussaint Louverture Writes to the French DirectoryGlobal and Comparative Themes: Connected Revolutions6. Energy and Industrialization 1750–1850The Energy RevolutionThe Fuel That Lies BeneathThe End of the Biological Old RegimeIndustry on a New ScaleCotton and the Drift to IndustrializationMines and MachinesWorking in FactoriesWas There Something Special about Britain?Social and Environmental Consequences of Early IndustrializationIndustrialization and Global Exchange in the Early Nineteenth CenturyThe Energy Revolution Takes HoldThe Threads of CommerceFree Trade and the New Doctrine of LiberalismIndividuals Matter: Ned Ludd: Legendary Foe of IndustryWeighing the Evidence: On Legalizing Opium in ChinaGlobal and Comparative Themes: The origins of the industrial revolution: what were the global circumstances?7. Coping with Change in the New Industrial Era 1830–1870Millions MigratingNineteenth-Century Slave TradeThe Outpouring from EuropeIndigenous Peoples and Settler ColoniesMigrations from AsiaOceania ConnectedGroundswells of Political and Social ReformNationalism and the Power of the PeopleVarieties of SocialismMovements for Women’s RightsMovements for Political Reform and Unification in EuropeModernizing Reforms in Muslim LandsThe Limits of Liberalism in Latin AmericaReligion and ReformGlobal Trends and Religious ChangeChristian EvangelismJewish ReformReligious Reform and Revolution in the Muslim WorldGlobal Change and the Calamitous Wars of MidcenturyThe Crimean War and the Industrialization of ViolenceParaguay: A War of Annihilation The Taiping Rebellion in ChinaThe Great Indian RebellionCivil War in the United StatesIndividuals Matter: Ram Mohan Roy: Hindu ReformerWeighing the Evidence: A Moroccan Diplomat in FranceGlobal and Comparative Themes: Comparing characteristics of modernity8. Capital, Technology, and the Changing Balance of Global Power 1860–1914The Spread of Steam-Powered IndustryWealthy BritainIndustrial Hubs in Continental Europe and the United StatesSmokestacks in RussiaThe Meiji Restoration and Japanese IndustryIndustrialization on Smaller Scales: Gains and DisappointmentsCapitalism’s Global ReachThe Worldwide Communication GridFeeding Industrial SocietiesRich Regions, Poor RegionsThe Working Class and the Middle ClassGlobalizing Business, Technology, and ScienceEuropean Imperialism and Popular ResistanceThe Road to Colonialism in Africa and Southeast AsiaWhy Did European Invasions Succeed?Resistance Movements and Their ConsequencesStates That SurvivedIndividuals Matter: Chulalongkorn: Modernizing MonarchWeighing the Evidence: Contrasting Perspectives on War in East AfricaGlobal and Comparative Themes: Explaining imperial success in the late nineteenth centuryPART 3 - THE PROMISE AND THE PERILS OF ACCELERATING CHANGE 1890–2024 9. Innovation, Revolution, and Global Crisis 1890-1920Turn-of-the-Century Economic Growth, 1890-1914Commerce and GoldUrbanization and Migration Scientific and Technological AdvancesGlobal Inequality and Its ConsequencesDrought and PlagueAfrica and Southeast Asia under New Colonial RulersWorker Protest and Nationalist Ferment in EuropeFive RevolutionsThe Great War, 1914-1918Lighting the Fuse A World at WarTotal WarRussia: From War to RevolutionPeace and ConsequencesIndividuals Matter: Qiu Jin: Social ReformerWeighing the Evidence: Arab Independence That Was Not to BeGlobal and Comparative Themes: Was World War I really the first world war?10. Turbulent Decades 1918-1935Postwar Trends in Society and CulturePopulation TrendsNew Ways of Living in the Industrialized WorldScientific Challenges to the Knowable UniverseModernity and ModernismClashing Political Ideologies Democratic HopesThe Soviet Union under Communist Party RuleNationalists and Communists in ChinaNew Governments on the Political RightLeft and Right in Latin AmericaColonial Rule and Its Opponents in Africa and AsiaEconomy and Society in the Colonial EmpiresWays of RulingImmigrants to Colonized LandsColonial Rule ContestedThe Great Depression and Its ConsequencesThe Steep DescentThe Continuing Authoritarian Trend Individuals Matter: Diego Rivera: Mexican ModernistWeighing the Evidence: Turkish Views on Dress and National IdentityGlobal and Comparative Themes: The meaning of modernism11. World War II and Its Aftermath 1933-1950Empire Building and Global CrisisEmpire of the SunThe Nazi StateItaly’s Foreign AggressionsFascist Dictatorship in SpainThe Second World WarThe Years of Axis Victory, 1939–1942The Years of Counteroffensive, 1942–1945The Second Total WarThe War Beyond the Theaters of WarThe War and the Global EnvironmentIn the Wake of War, 1945–1950Restoring Stability, Enforcing JusticeThe Two New EmpiresChallenges to Colonial EmpiresCommunist Victory in ChinaIndividuals Matter: Olga Lisikova: Soviet Combat PilotWeighing the Evidence: Propaganda for Wartime ConservationGlobal and Comparative Themes: Comparing the two world wars: similarities, differences, and connections12. The Global Boom and Its Contradictions 1945-1975Population and Economy: An Era of Spectacular GrowthGlobal Population at Its CrestThe Postwar Economic BoomEconomic Growth in Communist StatesThe Worldwide Lure of IndustrializationCities, Suburbs, and ShantytownsPostwar Consumer SocietyThe Biosphere in DistressThe Cold War Wears OnThe Era of Mutually Assured Destruction The Cold War around the worldFights for Freedom and JusticePaths to Independence: Protest and NegotiationPaths to Independence: Insurgency and RevolutionStruggles for Stability in Young States The Turbulent Middle EastVietnam between Civil War and Cold War High Expectations and Social ProtestIndividuals Matter: Alexander Dubcek: Leader of the Prague SpringWeighing the Evidence: Frantz Fanon on the Shortcomings of the National BourgeoisieGlobal and Comparative Themes: The changing map of empires 13. Countercurrents of Global Change 1970 to 2008Countercurrents in the Global EconomyThe 1970s: An Economic Turning Point The Rise of NeoliberalismNeoliberalism around the WorldShifting Centers of Economic PowerThe Electronic RevolutionThe Problem of InequalityPoverty in a Capitalist WorldWomen in the World Economy International MigrationThe Changing Political OrderInterstate Relations and the End of the Bipolar OrderUnited States Power DisplayedIsrael and Palestine: the Interminable ConflictThe Role of International OrganizationsRegional and Transnational OrganizationsThe Global Democratizing Trend after 1970War, Disorder, and Terror in an Era of Global IntegrationFacing the AnthropoceneGreen Technology and Unintended Consequences Environmentalist MovementsIndividuals Matter: Wangari Maathai: Environmental Activist and Nobel LaureateWeighing the Evidence: Changing Views of the Chinese EconomyGlobal and Comparative Themes: The meaning of globalization14. The World after the Great Recession 2008-2024Climate Change, Disease, and Environmental DegradationThe Perils of Global WarmingClimate Change and Natural DisastersThe Threat of Emerging Diseases Pollution and Threats of BiodiversityPollution and plasticsDisappearing speciesThe Neoliberal World Economy in QuestionThe Great RecessionPopular ProtestThe Long, Hesitant RecoveryRecession Aftermath: China, the United States, and the European UnionThe COVID-19 RecessionThe Problem of InequalityGlobal PoliticsChallenges to DemocracyThe Middle East and North Africa: Power Relations in MotionThe Arab Spring and its dashed hopesTurbulent geopoliticsTense Relations: The United States, Russia, and ChinaGlobal Prospects for Social JusticeSocial Justice for Indigenous CommunitiesRacial Justice and Police ViolenceSocial Justice for Women and Gender MinoritiesRights for LGBTQ+ CommunitiesIndividuals Matter: Winona LaDuke, Indigenous ActivistWeighing the Evidence: The Tahrir Square MomentGood Reading listIndexReferences

Praise for first edition:“Finally, a world history text that puts human history on world time! Focused on humankind as a whole and its interactions over time, Panorama provides a conceptually organized and integrative approach to the human past”