Panama Canal

Robert W. Aguirre, Ph.D. (1999) in Geography, Louisiana State University, is a professional geographer and independent scholar in Seattle, WA. He has done extensive research on the Panama Canal in Panama and Washington DC and publishes on geographic analysis methods.

• ContentsChapter 1: The Environment of a StraitChapter 2: The Environment of the Isthmus of PanamaChapter 3: Interoceanic Flows in Transit through Panama’s Human-Built Environment Chapter 4: Panamanian Territory over Flows through the EnvironmentChapter 5: American Territoriality in Geographic PerspectiveChapter 6: The Expansion of the Powers of the Federal Government over Inland Transportation from the 1780s to the 1880sChapter 7: Interoceanic Transportation and the Two Panamas Under the ‘1st democracy’ (1830s-1870s)Chapter 8: Interoceanic Transportation and the Two Panamas Under the ‘2nd republic’ (1870s-1930s) Before Panamanian IndependenceChapter 9: The Extraterritorial Expansion of the Powers of the Federal Government over the Maritime Environment after the 1880sChapter 10: The Panama Canal and the Two Panamas Under the ‘2nd republic’ (1870s-1930s) After Panamanian IndependenceChapter 11: The Panama Canal and the Two Panamas Under the ‘2nd democracy’ (1930s-1970s)Chapter 12: The Panama Canal and the Two Panamas Under the ‘3rd republic’ (1980-?)Chapter 13: The Future of the Panama Canal as an Artificial StraitAPPENDIXNOTES