Pakistan at Seventy

Shahid Javed Burki is an economist who has been a member of the faculty at Harvard University, USA, and Chief Economist, Planning and Development Department, Government ofthe Punjab. He has also served as Minister of Finance in the Government of Pakistan, and haswritten a number of books, and journal and newspaper articles. He joined the World Bank in1974 as a senior economist and went on to serve in several senior positions. He was the (first)Director of the China Department (1987–94) and served as the Regional Vice-President forLatin America and the Caribbean during 1994–99. He is currently the Chair of the Board ofDirectors of the Shahid Javed Burki Institute of Public Policy at NetSol (BIPP) in Lahore.Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury is a career Bangladeshi diplomat and former Minister of ForeignAffairs in the Government of Bangladesh (2007–08). He has a PhD in international relationsfrom the Australian National University, Canberra. He began his career as a member of thecivil service of Pakistan in 1969. Dr Chowdhury has held senior diplomatic positions in thecourse of his career, including as Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the UnitedNations in New York (2001–07) and in Geneva (1996–2001), and was ambassador to Qatar,Chile, Peru and the Vatican. He is currently a visiting senior research fellow at the Institute ofSouth Asian Studies, National University of Singapore.Asad Ejaz Butt is an economist trained in Canada. He’s currently the Director off the Burki Institute of Public Policy in Lahore. Before joining BIPP, Mr. Ejaz was member of the Economics faculty at the University of Central Punjab. He’s also taken a number of consultancy assignments, most notably working with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on its SDGs agenda for the province of Punjab and with ICF International, Canada on its energy efficiency and policy analytics division.

• 1 An overview Shahid Javed BurkiPART I Politics, theory and practice 2 The Pakistan story Shahid Javed Burki3 Unintended consequences: The long shadow of Partition on Pakistan and India Subrata K. Mitra4 Evolution of politics Shirin Tahir-Kheli5 Islam, society and politics in Pakistan Riaz Hassan6 Sustained political progress: The supportive role of the military Jehangir Karamat7 The media in Pakistan: Idiom, ideology and the army Khaled AhmedPART II Pakistan’s dependence on the outside world 8 Pakistan, power-play and a new South Asian paradigm Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury9 The making of foreign policy: Changing parameters Aziz Ahmad Khan10 Living in a rapidly changing world Shahid Javed Burki11 Defenders of the crescent: Pakistan-Saudi Arabia relations Farah Jan12 Adversarial peace: India–Pakistan nuclear rivalry Farah Jan13 A potential game changer: The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Daud AhmadPART III Economic development and the importance of good governance 14 Macroeconomic achievements and challenges Masood Ahmed15 History of the development discourse in Pakistan Asad Ejaz Butt 16 Recent economic developments and prospects Farrukh Iqbal17 Economic governance Ishrat Husain18 Praetorian bureaucratization of the political system and politicization of bureaucracy Shahid Najam ContentsPART IV Social underdevelopment 19 Getting technology to work for social development Ayub Ghauri20 Akhuwat: New microcredit stories Muhammad Saleem Ahmad Ranjha21 Private sector in education Shahid Kardar22 Educating and employing women Nasreen KasuriPART V Energy and the environment23 The downward spiral of the quality of life in Pakistan: Is control possible, or even desired? Kulsum Ahmed24 Water problems and solutions Mahmood Ahmad25 Ways of solving the energy problem Ziad AlahdadPART VI Conclusion 26 The last word Shahid Javed Burki 27 Postscript Shahid Javed Burki and Asad Ejaz Butt