Nobuo Masataka has been a Professor at Kyoto University’s Primate Research Institute since 2003. His doctoral dissertation was a study on vocal communication in New World primates. Particularly, he specialized in playback experiments, using synthesized sounds in order to investigate vocal perception in monkeys. Thereafter, he extended his research interests to include human infants and arrived at several intriguing findings on preverbal infants’ vocal interactions with their mothers. These findings are summarized in his book Onset of Language, published by Cambridge University Press in 2003. In 2008, he edited The Origins of Language, Unravelling Evolutionary Forces, published by Springer. The present work is essentially the second edition of that book.