Karen Littleton is Professor of Psychology in Education at The Open University, UK, where she directs the interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Education and Educational Technology. She is the editor of the International Journal of Educational Research and the editor-in-chief for Routledge’s Psychology in Education book series. Eileen Scanlon is Professor and Associate Director within the Institute of Educational Technology at The Open University, UK. Mike Sharples was at the time of writing Professor of Learning Sciences at The University of Nottingham, UK, and is now Professor of Educational Technology at The Open University, UK.