Elisabetta De Giorgi is a Researcher at the Portuguese Institute of International Relations (IPRI) of the NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal. Gabriella Ilonszki is Professor of Political Science at Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary, and Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

• 1. Introduction [Gabriella Ilonszki and Elisabetta De Giorgi] 2. Denmark: Strengthened opposition, yet high levels of cooperation [Flemming Juul Christiansen] 3. Germany: Heated debates but cooperative behaviour [Christian Stecker] 4. The Netherlands: The Reinvention of Consensus Democracy [Simon Otjes, Tom Louwerse and Arco Timmermans] 5. Italy: When responsibility fails. Parliamentary opposition in times of crisis [Francesco Marangoni and Luca Verzichelli] 6. Portugal: The unexpected path of far left parties, from permanent opposition to government support [Elisabetta De Giorgi and Federico Russo] 7. Spain: Government and opposition cooperation in a multi-level context [Ana Palau and Luz Munoz] 8. Czech Republic: Weak Governments and Divided Opposition in Times of crisis [Petra Guasti and Zdenka Mansfeldova] 9. Hungary: The De(con)struction of Parliamentary Opposition [Réka Várnagy and Gabriella Ilonszki] 10. Poland: Opposition in the Making [Agnieszka Dudzińska and Witold Betkiewicz] 11. Romania: An Ambivalent Parliamentary Opposition [Sergiu Gherghina and Mihail Chiru] 12. Switzerland: When Opposition is in Government [Jan Rosset, Andrea Pilotti and Yannis Papadopoulos] 13. Conclusions [Elisabetta De Giorgi and Gabriella Ilonszki]

Elisabetta De Giorgi is a Researcher at the Portuguese Institute of International Relations (IPRI) of the NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal. Gabriella Ilonszki is Professor of Political Science at Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary, and Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

• 1. Introduction [Gabriella Ilonszki and Elisabetta De Giorgi] 2. Denmark: Strengthened opposition, yet high levels of cooperation [Flemming Juul Christiansen] 3. Germany: Heated debates but cooperative behaviour [Christian Stecker] 4. The Netherlands: The Reinvention of Consensus Democracy [Simon Otjes, Tom Louwerse and Arco Timmermans] 5. Italy: When responsibility fails. Parliamentary opposition in times of crisis [Francesco Marangoni and Luca Verzichelli] 6. Portugal: The unexpected path of far left parties, from permanent opposition to government support [Elisabetta De Giorgi and Federico Russo] 7. Spain: Government and opposition cooperation in a multi-level context [Ana Palau and Luz Munoz] 8. Czech Republic: Weak Governments and Divided Opposition in Times of crisis [Petra Guasti and Zdenka Mansfeldova] 9. Hungary: The De(con)struction of Parliamentary Opposition [Réka Várnagy and Gabriella Ilonszki] 10. Poland: Opposition in the Making [Agnieszka Dudzińska and Witold Betkiewicz] 11. Romania: An Ambivalent Parliamentary Opposition [Sergiu Gherghina and Mihail Chiru] 12. Switzerland: When Opposition is in Government [Jan Rosset, Andrea Pilotti and Yannis Papadopoulos] 13. Conclusions [Elisabetta De Giorgi and Gabriella Ilonszki]

Elisabetta De Giorgi is a Researcher at the Portuguese Institute of International Relations (IPRI) of the NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal. Gabriella Ilonszki is Professor of Political Science at Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary, and Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

• 1. Introduction [Gabriella Ilonszki and Elisabetta De Giorgi] 2. Denmark: Strengthened opposition, yet high levels of cooperation [Flemming Juul Christiansen] 3. Germany: Heated debates but cooperative behaviour [Christian Stecker] 4. The Netherlands: The Reinvention of Consensus Democracy [Simon Otjes, Tom Louwerse and Arco Timmermans] 5. Italy: When responsibility fails. Parliamentary opposition in times of crisis [Francesco Marangoni and Luca Verzichelli] 6. Portugal: The unexpected path of far left parties, from permanent opposition to government support [Elisabetta De Giorgi and Federico Russo] 7. Spain: Government and opposition cooperation in a multi-level context [Ana Palau and Luz Munoz] 8. Czech Republic: Weak Governments and Divided Opposition in Times of crisis [Petra Guasti and Zdenka Mansfeldova] 9. Hungary: The De(con)struction of Parliamentary Opposition [Réka Várnagy and Gabriella Ilonszki] 10. Poland: Opposition in the Making [Agnieszka Dudzińska and Witold Betkiewicz] 11. Romania: An Ambivalent Parliamentary Opposition [Sergiu Gherghina and Mihail Chiru] 12. Switzerland: When Opposition is in Government [Jan Rosset, Andrea Pilotti and Yannis Papadopoulos] 13. Conclusions [Elisabetta De Giorgi and Gabriella Ilonszki]