On horsemanship is a classical treatise that explores the art and science of horse training, riding, and management. Xenophon provides practical guidance on selecting, breaking, and maintaining horses, emphasizing the importance of understanding their anatomy, temperament, and health. The work details grooming practices, riding techniques, and proper care, while also offering advice for military applications, particularly for cavalry preparation and the use of equipment. Beyond practical instruction, the text reflects on the relationship between rider and horse, highlighting trust, communication, and mutual respect as essential to effective horsemanship. Drawing on his own experience as a soldier and philosopher, Xenophon combines technical knowledge with insights into discipline, patience, and leadership. The treatise balances instruction with reflection, making it both a manual for equestrian skill and a study of character, preparation, and the human-animal bond. Its enduring influence underscores the value of careful observation, practical wisdom, and the integration of experience and ethical consideration in the art of riding.