David C. Earnest is Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Studies at Old Dominion University and coauthor of On the Cutting Edge of Globalization: An Inquiry into American Elites.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgments 1. The Democratic Dilemma of Migration 2. The Voting Rights of Resident Aliens: An Empirical OverviewA Typology of Resident Alien SuffrageVoting Rights Granted by LocalitiesDiscriminatory Regimes Nondiscriminatory Regimes Discrimination through Residency QualificationsAlien Suffrage in National ConstitutionsResident Alien Voting Rights in International LawNegative Cases: States That Have Rejected Alien SuffrageWhy Enfranchise? A PreviewImplications for the Research Design 3. Nationalism and Transnationalism: Hypotheses on the Political Incorporation of Resident AliensNationalism and Transnationalism: An OverviewHypothesized Causes of Political IncorporationConclusion: Convergence or Heterogeneity? 4. Study Population, Measures, and Estimation StrategyPopulation of the StudyDependent Variables: Voting Rights for Resident AliensMeasures for the Independent VariablesControl VariablesLongitudinal CoverageModel Specification and Methods of EstimationConclusion 5. Statistical FindingsThe Ordered Probit ModelThe Probit ModelConclusion 6. Case Studies: Political Incorporation and Historical InstitutionalismThe NetherlandsThe Federal Republic of GermanyBelgiumConclusion 7. Theoretical ImplicationsThe Influence of History: Citizenship, Nationhood, and RightsState Institutions and Voting Rights for AliensSystemic Factors: Traces of TransnationalismNext Steps 8. Sovereignty and the Nation Appendix A: Problems with Demographic Data on Resident AliensA Note about Sources for Demographic Data Appendix B: CodebookDependent Variables: Measures and SourcesIdentifiers, Independent and Control Variables Appendix C: Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Matrix Notes Reference List Index

"In this thoughtful, well-written, tightly argued and methodologically rigorous book, David C. Earnest asks why a surprising number of liberal democracies grant voting rights to non-citizens or resident aliens. His query could not be more timely." — Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies"This is a very ambitious study that builds on earlier scholarship on a relatively little-researched topic of great significance. The author crafts a model and empirically tests hypotheses. This is a major breakthrough in an area of mainly descriptive writing." — Mark J. Miller, coauthor of The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Third Edition"The author's point that rights for aliens will be influenced in a significant way by the respective citizenship tradition is a welcome reminder for migration research. In addition, the book furthers our knowledge about the application of time-series cross-section design, and it introduces new ways of dealing with major errors in these types of studies. It is thus of interest to both migration researchers and researchers designing similar studies." — Sabine Dreher, Near East University