Octopus

Nowadays most people are familiar with payments using contactless cards, or even mobile phones. But few know that just after Hong Kong’s handover to China in 1997, the city launched the world’s first payment system using the then-new contactless smart technology.

Drawing on the author’s inside knowledge, this is a definitive history of how the Octopus card emerged, and how it progressed to become the most successful transport-based payment card. Disappointments and mistakes along the way are detailed and comparisons are made with similar systems in Singapore, London, South Korea and Japan. Chapters on lessons learned and the prospects for cashless societies round out the book.