Observations and Dynamics of Circulations in the North Indian Ocean

The book is the first to focus on the physical oceanography of the North Indian Ocean (NIO), a special regionof the global ocean that exhibits a distinct seasonality due to the impact of the South Asian Monsoon (SAM). It is written as a textbook about the NIO for graduatestudents, lecturers, and researchers in physical oceanography. It will also be usefulfor courses on the interior, coastal, and equatorial dynamics in any other ocean. It helpsreaders, particularly new entrants to the field, to gain a comprehensive understandingof tropical-ocean dynamics by: developing from first principles the equation setfor the linear continuously stratified (LCS) model, which has long been usedto study tropical oceans; and then obtaining solutions that explore different aspectsof the dynamics. Part 1 of the book provides an overview of observed ocean circulations and forcing functions in the NIO that are linked to the SAM. Part 2 develops the equations of motion for the LCS model. Part 3 (Free Waves) and Part 4 (Forced Solutions) derive and discuss analytic solutions to the LCS model that illustrate basic processes in the interior (unbounded), coastal, and equatorial regions of the ocean. The last two chapters of Part 4 consider more complicated processes and phenomena that build upon the simpler solutions previously found: vertical propagation of coastal and equatorial waves, and the Indian Ocean's shallow overturning circulations. Each analytic solution is illustrated (and extended) by a suite of numerical LCS solutions presented as video clips, providing a powerful means for visualizing complex processes.