James J. Wirtz is a professor in the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. His publications address intelligence analysis, deterrence, and strategy. He received his PhD from Columbia University. Jeffrey A. Larsen is a research professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. He is also the president of Larsen Consulting Group. His publications focus on strategic issues, deterrence, arms control, NATO, and aerospace power. He received his PhD from Princeton University.

• Foreword by Rebecca K. C. HersmanAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Assuring Control of the Nuclear ForceJames J. WirtzPart I1. Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications and the Strategy of Deterrence James J. Wirtz2. NC3 during the Bomber Age: 1945–57James Clay Moltz3. NC3 during the Missile Age: 1957–91James Clay MoltzPart II4. US Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications: The NC3 Weapons Jeffrey A. Larsen5. Space Architecture for NC3: Systems and TechnologiesMathew R. CrookPart III6. Cyber Operations and Nuclear Escalation: The Diversity of DangerJon R. Lindsay7. Technology Threats to NC3: Past Lessons and Current ChallengeWade L. Huntley8. Technology Threats to NC3: A Future Scenario Wade L. Huntley Part IV9. NC3 Modernization: Progress and Remaining ChangesMichael S. MalleyConclusion: NC3 at a Critical Juncture Jeffrey A. LarsenList of ContributorsIndex

Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications: A Primer on US Systems and Future Challenges is the first comprehensive work to address the complex network that serves as the nervous system of America’s nuclear deterrent.

James J. Wirtz is a professor in the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. His publications address intelligence analysis, deterrence, and strategy. He received his PhD from Columbia University. Jeffrey A. Larsen is a research professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. He is also the president of Larsen Consulting Group. His publications focus on strategic issues, deterrence, arms control, NATO, and aerospace power. He received his PhD from Princeton University.

• Foreword by Rebecca K. C. HersmanAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Assuring Control of the Nuclear ForceJames J. WirtzPart I1. Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications and the Strategy of Deterrence James J. Wirtz2. NC3 during the Bomber Age: 1945–57James Clay Moltz3. NC3 during the Missile Age: 1957–91James Clay MoltzPart II4. US Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications: The NC3 Weapons Jeffrey A. Larsen5. Space Architecture for NC3: Systems and TechnologiesMathew R. CrookPart III6. Cyber Operations and Nuclear Escalation: The Diversity of DangerJon R. Lindsay7. Technology Threats to NC3: Past Lessons and Current ChallengeWade L. Huntley8. Technology Threats to NC3: A Future Scenario Wade L. Huntley Part IV9. NC3 Modernization: Progress and Remaining ChangesMichael S. MalleyConclusion: NC3 at a Critical Juncture Jeffrey A. LarsenList of ContributorsIndex

Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications: A Primer on US Systems and Future Challenges is the first comprehensive work to address the complex network that serves as the nervous system of America’s nuclear deterrent.

James J. Wirtz is a professor in the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. His publications address intelligence analysis, deterrence, and strategy. He received his PhD from Columbia University. Jeffrey A. Larsen is a research professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. He is also the president of Larsen Consulting Group. His publications focus on strategic issues, deterrence, arms control, NATO, and aerospace power. He received his PhD from Princeton University.

• Foreword by Rebecca K. C. HersmanAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Assuring Control of the Nuclear ForceJames J. WirtzPart I1. Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications and the Strategy of Deterrence James J. Wirtz2. NC3 during the Bomber Age: 1945–57James Clay Moltz3. NC3 during the Missile Age: 1957–91James Clay MoltzPart II4. US Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications: The NC3 Weapons Jeffrey A. Larsen5. Space Architecture for NC3: Systems and TechnologiesMathew R. CrookPart III6. Cyber Operations and Nuclear Escalation: The Diversity of DangerJon R. Lindsay7. Technology Threats to NC3: Past Lessons and Current ChallengeWade L. Huntley8. Technology Threats to NC3: A Future Scenario Wade L. Huntley Part IV9. NC3 Modernization: Progress and Remaining ChangesMichael S. MalleyConclusion: NC3 at a Critical Juncture Jeffrey A. LarsenList of ContributorsIndex

Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications: A Primer on US Systems and Future Challenges is the first comprehensive work to address the complex network that serves as the nervous system of America’s nuclear deterrent.