Novel Ecosystems

Intervening in the New Ecological World Order

Inbunden, Engelska, 2013

AvRichard J. Hobbs,Eric S. Higgs,Carol Hall,Richard J. Hobbs

989 kr

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Land conversion, climate change and species invasions are contributing to the widespread emergence of novel ecosystems, which demand a shift in how we think about traditional approaches to conservation, restoration and environmental management. They are novel because they exist without historical precedents and are self-sustaining. Traditional approaches emphasizing native species and historical continuity are challenged by novel ecosystems that deliver critical ecosystems services or are simply immune to practical restorative efforts. Some fear that, by raising the issue of novel ecosystems, we are simply paving the way for a more laissez-faire attitude to conservation and restoration. Regardless of the range of views and perceptions about novel ecosystems, their existence is becoming ever more obvious and prevalent in today’s rapidly changing world. In this first comprehensive volume to look at the ecological, social, cultural, ethical and policy dimensions of novel ecosystems, the authors argue these altered systems are overdue for careful analysis and that we need to figure out how to intervene in them responsibly. This book brings together researchers from a range of disciplines together with practitioners and policy makers to explore the questions surrounding novel ecosystems. It includes chapters on key concepts and methodologies for deciding when and how to intervene in systems, as well as a rich collection of case studies and perspective pieces. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, managers and policy makers interested in the question of how humanity manages and restores ecosystems in a rapidly changing world. A companion website with additional resources is available at www.wiley.com/go/hobbs/ecosystems

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2013-02-22
Mått193 x 249 x 23 mm
Vikt975 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor384
FörlagJohn Wiley and Sons Ltd
ISBN9781118354223
UtmärkelserCommended for The PROSE Award for Biological Sciences 2013 (United States)

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Biovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Richard J. Hobbs is Professor of Restoration Ecology and Australian Laureate Fellow at the University of Western Australia, where he leads the Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group. His current research focuses on pulling together different disciplines including restoration ecology, conservation biology and landscape ecology to develop a more effective ecology for the 21st century.Eric S. Higgs is Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Victoria (Canada), and director of the Mountain Legacy research project. Author of Nature by Design: People, Natural Process and Ecological Restoration, he focuses on advancing principles and practice of ecological restoration in a rapidly changing world.Carol Hall has worked on community conservation issues in North America and Africa during the past 15 years. She is a co-author of the World Commission on Protected Areas’ Ecological Restoration for Protected Areas: Principles, guidelines and best practices (in press, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN), and currently Program Director for the Restoration Institute, University of Victoria.

Contributors, ixAcknowledgements, xiPART I INTRODUCTION, 11 Introduction: Why novel ecosystems?, 3RICHARD J. HOBBS, ERIC S. HIGGS AND CAROL M. HALLPART II WHAT ARE NOVEL ECOSYSTEMS?, 92 Case Study: Hole-in-the-donut, everglades, 11JOHN J. EWEL3 Towards a conceptual framework for novel ecosystems, 16LAUREN M. HALLETT, RACHEL J. STANDISH, KRISTIN B. HULVEY, MARK R. GARDENER, KATHARINE N. SUDING, BRIAN M. STARZOMSKI, STEPHEN D. MURPHY AND JAMES A. HARRIS4 Islands: Where novelty is the norm, 29JOHN J. EWEL, JOSEPH MASCARO, CHRISTOPH KUEFFER, ARIEL E. LUGO, LORI LACH AND MARK R. GARDENER5 Origins of the novel ecosystems concept, 45JOSEPH MASCARO, JAMES A. HARRIS, LORI LACH, ALLEN THOMPSON, MICHAEL P. PERRING, DAVID M. RICHARDSON AND ERLE C. ELLIS6 Defining novel ecosystems, 58RICHARD J. HOBBS, ERIC S. HIGGS AND CAROL M. HALLPART III WHAT WE KNOW (AND DON’T KNOW) ABOUT NOVEL ECOSYSTEMS, 617 Perspective: Ecological novelty is not new, 63STEPHEN T. JACKSON8 The extent of novel ecosystems: Long in time and broad in space, 66MICHAEL P. PERRING AND ERLE C. ELLIS9 Case study: Geographic distribution and level of novelty of Puerto Rican Forests, 81SEBASTIÁN MARTINUZZI, ARIEL E. LUGO, THOMAS J. BRANDEIS AND EILEEN H. HELMER10 Novel ecosystems and climate change, 88BRIAN M. STARZOMSKI11 Plant invasions as builders and shapers of novel ecosystems, 102DAVID M. RICHARDSON AND MIRIJAM GAERTNER12 Infectious disease and novel ecosystems, 114LAITH YAKOBInfectious disease and the novel Caribbean coral reef, 118LAITH YAKOB AND PETER J. MUMBY13 Case study: Do feedbacks from the soil biota secure novelty in ecosystems?, 124JAMES A. HARRIS14 Fauna and novel ecosystems, 127PATRICIA L. KENNEDY, LORI LACH, ARIEL E. LUGO AND RICHARD J. HOBBS15 Case study: Ecosystem transformations along the Colorado Front Range: Prairie dog interactions with multiple components of global environmental change, 142TIMOTHY R. SEASTEDT, LAUREL M. HARTLEY AND JESSE B. NIPPERT16 Perspective: Plus ça change, plus c’est la meme chose, 150STEPHEN D. MURPHYPART IV WHEN AND HOW TO INTERVENE, 15317 Perspective: From rivets to rivers, 155JOSEPH MASCARO18 Incorporating novel ecosystems into management frameworks, 157KRISTIN B. HULVEY, RACHEL J. STANDISH, LAUREN M. HALLETT, BRIAN M. STARZOMSKI, STEPHEN D. MURPHY, CARA R. NELSON, MARK R. GARDENER, PATRICIA L. KENNEDY, TIMOTHY R. SEASTEDT AND KATHARINE N. SUDING19 The management framework in practice – making decisions in AtlanticCanadian Meadows: Chasing the elusive reference state, 172STEPHEN D. MURPHY20 The management framework in practice – prairie dogs at the urban interface: Conservation solutions when ecosystem change drivers are beyond the scope of management actions, 176TIMOTHY R. SEASTEDT21 The management framework in practice – how social barriers contribute to novel ecosystem maintenance: Managing reindeer populations on St George Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska, 180KRISTIN B. HULVEY22 The management framework in practice – can’t see the wood for the trees: The changing management of the novel Miconia–Cinchona ecosystem in the humid highlands of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, 185MARK R. GARDENER23 The management framework in practice – designer wetlands as novel ecosystems, 189STEPHEN D. MURPHY24 Characterizing novel ecosystems: Challenges for measurement, 192JAMES A. HARRIS, STEPHEN D. MURPHY, CARA R. NELSON, MICHAEL P. PERRING AND PEDRO M. TOGNETTI25 Case study: Novelty measurement in pampean grasslands, 205PEDRO M. TOGNETTI26 Plant materials for novel ecosystems, 212THOMAS A. JONES27 Case study: Management of novel ecosystems in the Seychelles, 228CHRISTOPH KUEFFER, KATY BEAVER AND JAMES MOUGAL28 Perspective: Moving to the dark side, 239PATRICIA L. KENNEDYPART V HOW DO WE APPRECIATE NOVEL ECOSYSTEMS?, 24329 Perspective: Coming of age in a trash forest, 245EMMA MARRIS30 Engaging the public in novel ecosystems, 247LAURIE YUNG, STEVE SCHWARZE, WYLIE CARR, F. STUART CHAPIN III AND EMMA MARRIS31 Valuing novel ecosystems, 257ANDREW LIGHT, ALLEN THOMPSON AND ERIC S. HIGGS32 Case study: A rocky novel ecosystem: Industrial origins to conservation concern, 269MICHAEL P. PERRING33 The policy context: Building laws and rules that embrace novelty, 272PETER BRIDGEWATER AND LAURIE YUNG34 Perspective: Lake Burley Griffin, 284PETER BRIDGEWATER35 Case study: Shale bings in central Scotland: From ugly blots on the landscape to cultural and biological heritage, 286BARBRA A. HARVIE AND RICHARD J. HOBBSPART VI WHAT’S NEXT?, 29136 Perspective: A tale of two natures, 293ERIC S. HIGGS37 Concerns about novel ecosystems, 296RACHEL J. STANDISH, ALLEN THOMPSON, ERIC S. HIGGS AND STEPHEN D. MURPHY38 Novel urban ecosystems and ecosystem services, 310MICHAEL P. PERRING, PETE MANNING, RICHARD J. HOBBS, ARIEL E. LUGO, CRISTINA E. RAMALHO ANDRACHEL J. STANDISH39 Ecosystem stewardship as a framework for conservation in a directionally changing world, 326TIMOTHY R. SEASTEDT, KATHARINE N. SUDING AND F. STUART CHAPIN III40 Case study: Novel socio-ecological systems in the North: Potential pathways toward ecological and societal resilience, 334F. STUART CHAPIN III, MARTIN D. ROBARDS, JILL F. JOHNSTONE, TREVOR C. LANTZ AND STEVEN V. KOKELJ41 Perspective: Is Everything a novel ecosystem? If so, do we need the concept?, 345EMMA MARRIS, JOSEPH MASCARO AND ERLE C. ELLISPART VII SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS, 35142 What do we know about, and what do we do about, novel ecosystems?, 353RICHARD J. HOBBS, ERIC S. HIGGS AND CAROL M. HALLIndex, 361

“The convergence of popular and technical literature reinforces the impression that a paradigm shift in conservation/restoration is underway. Novel Ecosystems provides an entry to this novel world view.” (Ecological Management & Restoration, 17 September 2014)“Overall, this is a timely book that thoroughly addresses a critical issue in the management of ecosystems in a dynamically changing world. Its strength lies in its treatment of decision making processes and its real?]world illustrations through case studies.” (Frontiers of Biogeography, 1 November 2013)“In conclusion, I recommend this book to all researchers and practitioners working on man-made ecosystems.” (Basic and Applied Ecology, 1 October 2013)“If this dialogue takes place, with the inclusion of ‘‘classic,’’ ‘‘traditional,’’ and ‘‘orthodox’’ restoration ecology, at least with regards historical knowledge (a paradigm change rather than a paradigm shift), as well as the issues concerning novel ecosystems, then this provocative book will remain an interesting and stimulating standard work for a long time.” (Restoration Ecology, 1 July 2013)“Summing Up: Recommended. All academic and professional audiences.” (Choice, 1 October 2013) “Although the authors’ new terminology does not seem a step forward, Novel Ecosystemsprovides relevant and stimulating ideas for discussion and integration into conservation and restoration methods, strategies, and goals.” (Science, 2 August 2013)