Section A. NIV and weaning.- Section B. NIV and weaning methodology aspects.- Section C. Treatment of postextubation acute respiratory failure: clinical indications.- Section D. Prevention of postextubation failure.- Section E. NIV in difficult weaning.- Section F. Pediatric and neonatology weaning.- Section G. Influence on postextubation respiratory failure complications.- Section H. NIV weaning relations with organizational models (ICU).- Section I. Evidence for NIV weaning: guidelines and new perspectives.