Yoram Dinstein is a Member of the Institut de Droit International and a Professor Emeritus at Tel-Aviv University, Israel. He is a former President of the University (1991–9), as well as former Rector and former Dean of the Faculty of Law. He served twice as the Stockton Professor of International Law at the US Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. He was also a Humboldt Fellow at the Max Planck Institute of International Law in Heidelberg, a Meltzer Visiting Professor of Law at New York University and a Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Toronto.

• 1. The framework; 2. The preconditions of a NIAC; 3. Thresholds and interaction of armed conflicts; 4. Fighters, civilians and ioniac; 5. Foreign intervention in a NIAC; 6. Recognition; 7. State responsibility; 8. The principal ioniac treaty provisions; 9. Additional treaty texts; 10. NIAC war crimes; 11. Loniac customary international law; 12. Loniac and human rights law; Conclusions.